Here is the conclusion of the basics in medical microbiology course. The main topics covered in this course were the history of microbiology in a nutshell and then at length. Since cells are the smallest and basic unit of life and viruses are not considered cells, we looked at the characteristics of both cells and viruses. Next, we focused on the instruments that are used to visualize microorganisms, which involves the field of microscopy. In order to visualize microbes under the scope, microbes most often have to be stained, thus we look at staining next, with such a diversity of microorganisms, we needed to study the classification of microorganisms. Finally, we looked at all that is needed for appropriate growth and nutrition of microbes in general.

Ironically, the history of microbial biology began with lenscrafters and Clark merchants and with their curiosity of the unknown world of microbes, at a period when not much was known about the microbial agents that cause diseases. aspects of disease prevention, transmission and treatment were beginning to be dealt with, out of the necessity for health sanity. So the debate over spontaneous generation of life became overwhelmed until Lewis pasture finally dismantle the theory by a series of exceptional experiments during the classical Golden Age. It was also during this period that Robert cog discovered the anthrax bassline. The second golden age was the period that molecular genetics came to the rise. The third Golden Age is a time in which biotech Technology has prospered and at the same time resistance to antibiotics which were discovered during the second golden age has become a challenge to doctors and scientists alike.

Although we came to know that life came from life questions remained regarding the concept of life is it organic or inorganic, until organic urea was used to form in our was formed from inorganic compounds. This remain an important question. Once the matter was settled life was has been described by four processes which are growth, metabolism, responsiveness, and re productiveness. Based on this two cell types have been discovered the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells whereas the prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus And has a region known as nucleoid, where the DNA is found. The eukaryotes have a clear nucleus. Whereas the prokaryotic cell lacks membranous organelles.

The eukaryotic cell contains membranous organelles. Finally, the DNA of prokaryotes is circular, while the DNA of eukaryotes is linear. Now what about viruses, they lack many of the characteristics of cells, they lack metabolism, and the machinery needed to replicate. has mentioned before the first microscopes were made of simple lenses. light microscopy uses compound lenses with several lenses have different magnifications with a limit of 100 x subject And the 10 x IPS, giving a total of 1000. Next, total magnification.

But the scanning and the transmission electron microscopes use electron beams, while the scanning electron microscope allows one to surface scan the surface while the scanning electron microscope allows one to scan the surface of organisms. The transmission electron microscope allows for internal structures of the microbes to be studied in detail. brightfield microscopy requires staining of cells, staining can be simple or negative. Simple staining usually uses methylene blue and stains the specimen itself whereas negative staining does not stain certain parts of the bacteria such as capsule other types of staining, other gram staining and the acid fasting. gram staining is the gold standard of staining since most bacteria are classified as either gram positive or Gram negative bacteria. gram staining occurs in basically four stages and results in pink colored or red color Gram negative bacteria or blue or purple colored gram positive bacteria.

Acid fast stains are used for micro bacterium and nocardia is pieces. With all the diversity of microorganisms, one needs to classify them at the level of cell structure. cells can be classified as eukaryotic or prokaryote. Now protista plants fungi and animal are all eukaryotes. Why? bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes.

The classification of living organisms has changed from five kingdoms to three domains based on ribosomal RNA structures studies. The currently domains are the eukarya, the archaea and the bacteria. Once microbes have been discovered and classified and studied in detail, one cannot afford to ignore at the growth and nutrition requirements for these microorganisms. Therefore, we study the bacterial growth is a logarithmic type of growth. We looked at the physical and chemical factors that affect growth such as pH and oxygen levels. We also looked at the growth of bacteria in the laboratory setting with different types of media culture And finally we looked at the streak plate method of bacterial isolation.

In conclusion, this course of basics in medical microbiology looked at the microbial aspects of microbiology. Starting from this basic view, one can study the disease aspects including microbe specific diseases or co infections when two or more microbes are causing the disease. Carrier status in which signs and symptoms of the disease do not surface, so on and so forth. Treatment aspects include antibiotics and the use of natural medicines. Diagnostic aspects include the use of the latest diagnostic tools and antibodies among other and prevention aspects have to do with the public health issues the contagious nature of some infectious diseases and the maintenance of healthy nutrition habits. This concludes the course of basics in medical microbiology.