Color is one of the most important aspects in creating beautiful art and design. There are so many colors and color variations exist in the world. For centuries, we as human have tried so hard to uncover the secrets behind colors. Why is this so important for us? Because by knowing how colors actually work, we can later capture them, store and digitize them, reproduce them, or display them precisely. We need to simplify the colors to its basic components, which are called the key colors.

Using the combination of these key colors. We can reproduce any color that you want. This is what we call the color model. So basically, color models are methods of describing colors using a combination of key colors are using a set of parameters. There are at least two types of color A model that we need to know as an artist or designer, light base color models and pigment based color model. Light based color models use lights as the color producer.

All devices that produce light use this color model. For example, our computer monitors, smartphone screens, televisions, projectors, etc. Okay, now unlike the light base colors, the pigment based color model, use things or pains to produce color. Everything that is printed or painted, use this color model. Let's discuss the light base color models first, and then later the pigment color model. First is RGB.

RGB is the basic and the true color model of lights. RGB stands for red, green and blue using these three key codes We can produce any color we like. If all of the colors red, green, and blue all turn on to its maximum strength, the output color will be white. And if none of the RGB colors are turned on, then the output color will be black. So basically, in RGB color model, black means off, or no lights at all. To see this more clearly, we can use Krita to simulate the RGB colors.

If we click on this color box Krita will display this foreground color selector window. Now, I know we haven't talked about this yet, but this is not the point of this lesson. So just bear with me for now. In here we have three inputs, or in other words, three channels for the base colors red, green and blue. The minimum value for each channel is zero and the maximum value is 250. Five.

Now, you might be wondering, why are these values maxed out at 255? Well, we will discuss about this more in depth in the next lesson. Okay, for now, if we input 255, we just the maximum value on the red channel, and let me just copy paste this to the green channel, and also to the blue channel, we have white color as the result. If we input zero at the red, then we have cyan color. If we bring back the red color to maximum, and zero out the green color, we have this light purple color. If we zero out only the blue color, then we have this yellow color.

Essentially, my point is, as I mentioned earlier, we can produce any color we like by combining different strengths of these three main colors. Okay, so that is RGB color model. Now, although RGB is the true color model of lights using RGB to be color is very unintuitive. If we need to select certain color, we need to do a lot of guessing and trial and error process. There is why a new light based color model was introduced called HSVHSV, which is standard for hue saturation and value is a derivative color model from RGB color model. So, it is light based color model also.

But unlike RGB, which divides color into three main colors, SV use color characteristics instead to define the color output. First is hue. In Krita, the hue value is this circle called the color wheel. So, yes he is measured in degree because it is actually a circle From zero degree to 360 degree, and because it is a circle, zero degree is equals to 360 degree in Krita. However, we cannot see the actual numerical value of hue anywhere in here, at least not in the version I currently use when I record the video. Next is saturation.

Saturation controls how much color to present as opposed to grayscale colors. To control the saturation we can click and drag to left and right in this box, the most wide area is fully saturated. So the saturation value is at maximum at this right side and at the lowest or zero value at the left side. Now you may have triangle shape in here instead of rectangle like this. That is okay we are going to cover that in later video. Finally, the V or devalue, which basically controls how much light emitted from the color in other software such as Photoshop, it is not called V, but B for brightness.

So, in Photoshop It is called HSV not HSV. But essentially we can just assume it is the same in Krita moving this up and down will change the value or the brightness up here is the minimum value and down here is at the maximum value okay. So, that is HSV or HSV color model. The third color model is cm YK color model. Unlike the two color models we have discussed earlier cmo ik is pigment based color model. If you own a color printer, most likely you're already familiar with cm YK because the ink cartridges of color printer Based on his color Model A long time ago, we used to think that the key colors of pigment or paints are red, blue, and yellow.

Because a lot of colors can be produced by mixing these three colors. Some art school even still teach these concepts until now, although you can achieve a lot of color variations with red, blue and yellow paints, you cannot produce all of them. Scientists already discover that pigments key colors are more likely to be cm YKC. For cyan color, M for magenta color, why for a yellow color, and k where k is actually stand for key color. But because most of key colors are considered as black color in printing industry, we can safely assume that k is for black. We need black color because science in magenta in yellow colors, when mixed together can only achieve brownish color, they can never achieve black color without a dedicated black ink.

If we open Krita and press Ctrl N to create a new document, we can see that Krita support many color models. One of them is lab or LA be color model. Lab is not a common color model, but it has some function in graphic design field, mostly to make the color model pop out. You really shouldn't use LAB color to publish your file as not many software or a viewer supported. But let me explain this real quick lab or L A B stands for lightness, a channel and B channel. The L or the lightness is identical with the brightness level we have in HSV color model.

So basically It controls how bright and how dark the color will be okay. So, what is a and b then well, they are not actually abbreviation a channel controls how green versus how red the color will be. So, the channel is actually a spectrum of green color to red color. At the center we have a gray color, it ranges from positive to negative value, where a gray color is at zero value, okay, the B channel is just like the a channel, but the color spectrum is from yellow to blue color. And just like the channel, the zero value will also produce gray color. Okay.

Now, besides these color models, creator also support two other unique color models. They are why CRC V and x y z XYZ unless you have a very specific need for them. You really shouldn't use these color models, because they are rarely supported in other software outside Krita but just for quick explanation, why see RCB is almost identical to a lamp color model. So, the Y is for luminosity or the brightness, it is like l in LAB color model c r is stands for Chroma read, which controls how red versus how green The color is, it is like the a channel in LAB color model. And finally, cb is stands for Chroma blue, which basically controls how blue versus how yellow The color is. It is almost identical with the B channel in LAB color model.

Now, why is the RGB is mostly used by JPEG compression algorithm behind the scene, but rarely used manually by artists has to be called The last color model in Krita is x, y, z. Now don't get confused, x y z is almost similar with RGB, but with slight differences. So y is exactly like green in RGB. z is almost like blue collar in RGB and x is slightly almost like red color in RGB. This color model is quite old, invented in 1931. Nowadays, you almost never find any artists using this color model, or any graphic software that supported beside Krita