In this section, we’ll learn about Python Reference / Refresher.

• Variables in Python
• String formatting in Python
• Getting user input
• Lists, tuples, and sets
• Advanced set operations
• Booleans in Python
• If statements in Python
• The in keyword
• If statements with the 'in' keyword
• Loops in Python
• List comprehensions
• Dictionaries
• Destructuring variables
• Functions in Python
• Function arguments and parameters
• Default parameter values
• Functions returning values
• Lambda functions in Python
• Dictionary comprehensions
• Unpacking arguments
• Unpacking keyword arguments
• Object-Oriented Programming in Python
• Magic methods: __str__ and __repr__
• Class methods and static methods
• Class inheritance
• Class composition
• Type hinting
• How imports work in Python
• Relative imports in Python
• Errors in Python
• Custom error classes
• First-class functions
• Simple decorators in Python
• The 'at' syntax for decorators
• Decorating functions with parameters
• Decorators with parameters
• Mutability in Python
• Mutable default parameters (and why they're a bad idea)