Okay, so in this section we're going to look at the design tools of engineers and we're going to focus on CAD. Most products today are first designed in a CAD program. So really, truly most parts we're talking about household all household products, cars, planes, toys, home appliances, tools, buildings, and more. They can contain greater than 10,000 parts. So a car, for example, would contain thousands of parts. Each part is built separately in a CAD program.

And a lot of the time you have multiple engineers working on the CAD design at the same time, what did engineers do in the past, so they would use drafting tools to make detailed drawings on paper of their models. Another thing they would do is build small scale models made from plastic or metal. So for example, a nearby paper mill before the mill was built, every single every single pipe every single machine, every motor or every pump the entire hour. structure of the building everything about the paper plant was first built in a small scale plastic model. Of course, the plant when it was finished, took up many, many acres, whereas the small scale plastic model only took up, you know, just the corner corner of a room. And every single detail of the plant was in this model.

So you can see the the amount of care and the amount of work that would go into the design process. And we would ask, you know, why is this so let's look at a typical design process in industry. So first of all, the idea is generated, maybe it's from the engineer, or maybe it's from the marketing team. In the beginning stages, you might make some sketches, you might build some, some quick models in the lab, but one of the first things you're going to do is go to a CAD program, and you're going to go to a CAD program, typically with a team of other engineers. And as you build, you're going to get design feedback from each other and you're going to make changes in cat as you go. One of the things About CAD is that you can quickly change your CAD model.

Whereas engineers in the past when they're building detailed drawings, they can't as easily change their model. So they're going to use the CAD model to build the first prototype of their product. And then once the first prototype is built, you then need to test the prototype, you're going to test it to see if it functions here as we planned, see if things fit together as you plan and does it look the way you want it to. If the prototype doesn't work, you're going to make changes to the CAD model. And then we're going to again use the CAD model to manufacturer the next prototype and you're going to repeat until your design is as planned and as as you would want it to work. When the prototype is as desired.

You're going to proceed only then to mass manufacturing, planning and design and so mass manufacturing planning can be a whole nother process. Now you have a functional prototype, it works as you planned, and it's going to take a lot more effort to to move from this functional prototype to to having that functional prototype ready to be mass manufactured, because you might change the manufacturing methods that you use to build the part for mass manufacturing. And we'll talk about that more later. So going through this now, I'm going to ask you, what does your current design process look like at home. And as we go through the next few ideas here, ask yourself how you can start to incorporate some of these things into your at home design process. So these are ways in which CAD can help us at home.

So first of all, with visualization of your design, you can visualize how the parts fit together, and you can actually visualize the movement of your parts so we can share our design to get design feedback, we can share it on the internet, we can print out a version of our design and we can share with other people and ask them what they think ask them what things could we potentially change you can design something with a friend or engineer in CAD. So for design collaboration, CAD is very useful. You can now log into The same CAD program at the same time, and you can see each other making changes on the CAD model at the same time. And so for design collaboration, CAD has been very important. Whereas in the past, he couldn't as actively change things. At the same time more, one engineer would have to design something and pass it on to someone else.

But now we have the tools to work in the same program on the same model at the same time, so you can easily make changes to your designs, just as in typing a letter on a computer. If you want to delete something, you hit the backspace key. In CAD, you can hit the delete key or you can undo the changes that you've made. And so you can easily make changes to your designs, and you can share your design for marketing and business purposes. So you have you have an initial CAD model, if you want to show somebody else what it looks like, you can send it to them. You can send your design to a manufacturer to get your parts made.

We're going to talk about this a lot but a CAD model is a standard way to manufacture your parts when the manufacturer is building your part dimensions are taken from the CAD model and materials are taken from it. So it's used directly in manufacturing in 3d printing, and CNC machining, laser and water jet cutting and more. So we'll talk about these manufacturing methods. And CAD models are used to create 2d engineering drawings. So professional 2d drawings that you could hand off to a machinist and say, you know, Hey, can you make this for me, you would start with a CAD model. CAD models can save you time and money because you're planning in detail before you buy things and build them.

So you're avoiding making mistakes and that really is the reason one of the primary reasons why engineers go through so much trouble to to plan ahead of time. So in the example that we mentioned where the the paper plants was first, a massive detailed pay per plant was first built out of plastic and took up the entire corner of a room and every single detail one, it took certainly months to build this. The reason is because you need to plan ahead of time, especially for larger, larger designs and larger pursuits. You need to plan ahead of time to avoid making all the costly mistakes and to just see if it is going to see if it's going to work. So potentially, it can help you build things of greater complexity, really, until you start using the tool you don't know you know what you're capable of until you start using a certain tool.

And so with this with this advanced tool, you might be capable of building something more than you weren't before a CAD model is used for computational calculations. So you can take your CAD model and use it to calculate heat transfer, calculate fluid flow, if you're designing for example, a pipe, you know, you could calculate. You could calculate flow rates and you can calculate turbulence levels but you're first going to need a CAD model mechanical stress. So you're asking the question, if I design this you ask is, is this going to break when I design it? CAD model is going to be your standard place to start to ask that question. So as we've talked about in this section, CAD has been really huge for designing and getting things built.

It's a it's an absolute standard in industry for engineers to use this to build things. And there's a reason why they they use it. The thing is, is that we can now bring it to our home. If you're not already using CAD, we can bring it to our home, it's easier to use than ever. We're going to jump into it in a few sections, but it's really the starting place to be able to branch off and do a lot of different things. So it will truly enhance your ability to design from home.

And we'll see you in the next section.