Hello, in this presentation that we will discuss the balance sheet objectives at the end of this presentation that we will be able to describe the balance sheet, list the components of the balance sheet and define and explain each component of the balance sheet. When considering the balance sheet, we will be looking at components equivalent to those in the accounting equation. the accounting equation, as we have seen in a prior presentation is assets equal liabilities plus equity, these will be the components of the balance sheet. Remember that the assets of course, are going to be those things that the company has they have those things in order to help generate revenue in the future. revenue generation being the key The goal of the organization, liabilities being something that is owed in the future due to something that happened in the past therefore, past transaction, resulting in future obligation liability.

Then we have the equity section, which could be in the format of the owner's equity for a sole proprietor or partnerships equity for a partnership or stockholders equity for a corporation. However, all three of those formats represent in essence, the same thing. The ownership or the book value of the organization meaning assets minus liabilities is, in essence, the book value of the organization. It's important to remember that the balance sheet is as of a point in time. This can seem obvious, but it is not as obvious as it may seem, given that it's different than the income statement which is reported as of a timeframe meaning if we have our timeline here, the balance sheet will be reported as of a specific point on that timeline. Only needing one date then to define when the balance sheet will be reported as of unlike the income statement where we do need to date on the timeline so that we Have a beginning and an ending date.

When considering the balance sheet and considering this concept of the balance sheet representing a point in time, rather than a time frame, I first would think about the major account on the balance sheet. The first account most people probably think of when they think of the balance sheet that being cash and asking the question, if I was to ask somebody as of this point in time, how much cash they have, they could then tell me as of this point in time, they can check their pockets and say, This is how much money we have on me or I have on me, at this point in time, they may not want to say that, but if they chose to, they can they can tell me how much money they have on them at this point in time. Unlike the income statement accounts like revenue and expenses, where if we were to ask the question, how much revenue do you earn?

That's that's a verb statement. That's an action statement that has to have a time frame that has to have a beginning and in time, not just a point in time in order to answer this question therefore, when we consider This timeline, the balance sheet will be as of that point in time. And the income statement will be some somewhere back and telling the story. So the income statements gonna need another point. And that'll give you kind of the story of how we got from here this point in time to that point in time. And the income statement will give you some of that activity to tell you where we got to at the end.

In this case, our balance sheet account representing this point in time. When considering our components of the balance sheet, they will be the same as the accounting equation, including assets, liabilities, and equity. Note that when we look at these components, we need to value these things differently than just counting the units that are there. For example, clearly cash is going to be counted in terms of dollars. So if we had $1,000 of cash, that is what we would have no problem there. However, if we had four units of ink cartridges, we're not going to put those The books as for units of ink cartridges, this may seem obvious, but it's actually a problem.

It's a conversion problem similar to the types of problems that we would have if we go to a different country and have a different currency in that we have to do some type of conversion. In this case, we're going to convert those four units of ink cartridges $2 and represent the dollar amount of in this case 200. You may be asking, how would we come up with that 200 Where does that 200 come from? We'll start to talk about that later. Especially when we get to supplies like ink cartridges, we might have cost flow assumptions first in first out last in first out some kind of average method because all the ink cartridges may or may not profitably not cost exactly the same amount even though they are the exact same ink cartridges because prices change over time. So we'll talk about that later.

But for now, we just want to emphasize the idea that we're going to have to report these things in terms of dollars, everything's going to have to be reported in terms of dollars. For example, the And if we have land over here, we're not going to report on the balance sheet that we have so many acres of land, we're going to have to report that we have, in this case $40,000 worth of land. And again, that conversion is going to cause problems because the value of the land will change over time. And there's a question as to what we should do. As the value of that land changes. We have the same for the property plants and equipment in terms of a building, we're going to say it's $60,000, not one building Miss, and the car we're going to say $15,000, not one car.

So note, when we report all the assets, we're basically going to add all these up. And remember that when we do that, as we do that, we're going to report it, of course in the measuring tool of dollars, but then recognize the fact that we don't have all those dollars. In order to get actual dollars, we'd have to sell the ink cartridges, the land and the building in the car. So when we're considering the balance sheet, we have to we have to keep that in mind. We have to separate these types of assets out and consider what type of assets we have, especially how much cash do we have? And do we have enough cash in order to pay off our current art obligations that will be due relatively soon.

So if we look at the asset section, then of our balance sheet, we're going to have assets, we're going to break out generally current assets pretty much all the time. Typically, we're going to have current assets and then a colon representing a sub category, that subcategory of current assets. Then we're going to put in the accounts, cash being our first account almost all the time, it's going to be indented because it's in the sub category of current assets. Then we have our supplies also a current asset, meaning it's pretty close to cash, meaning we're going to use it fairly soon. Therefore, it's going to be a current asset current assets typically being more liquid assets or assets that will be used relatively soon, in order to help achieve the goal of the business. That goal of course, to generate revenue.

Then we have the total current assets. Again, we indented it further here, and we're going to pull those total assets to the right hand side. These two columns do not represent debits and credits, they're just represent a subtotal. No debits and credits will be on the financial statements. We will use debits and credits to build the financial statements. But we're not going to show the external users debits and credits because then we would have to explain debits and credits.

So debits and credits are going to be a tool we will use. We will not see them here on the balance sheet or any financial statement. Next component property plant and equipment we then have a colon This is going to be a subcategory as well, we have land that's going to be our first property, plant and equipment. Notice that property, plant and equipment are going to be those longer term assets. Meaning that land is something that we cannot use very easily in order to pay off current obligations. We are going to use it for a long extended period of time into the future as needed in order to help achieve goal that goal being revenue generation.

So we have land. Notice the property, plant and equipment are also often called the depreciable assets. Sometimes, pp and E are another way to say the property, plant and equipment section. And notice that land however, is not something that will be depreciated meaning land is not generally going to go down in value, the dirt is the dirt, unless we're drilling oil out of the dirt or something like that, we don't typically need to reduce the value of the land. The building, however, is going to be another property, plant and equipment something again, that we're going to have for an extended period of time to help generate revenue into the future and achieve that goal of revenue generation. And it is something that will depreciate over time and therefore decline in value.

And it is a depreciable asset that we're going to have to write down over time. Then we have the auto, so an auto, here's another thing again, we're gonna use that for an extended period of time. So we're going to put it Under property, plant and equipment, and then we have the total property, plant and equipment. So we are adding up the 40 to 60 to 50. And to get to 115,000, we're going to end in that again, of course, and pull that subtotal out into the right hand side. Once again, the left and right hand sides, not representing debits and credits, but representing the subtotals lined out here and then and then the totals in the outer column, then we're going to have total assets.

And that's going to be the sum of the outer column, the 1002, and the 115 for 116 200. Note that we're never typically going to be bouncing from calculations to multiple columns, meaning this 116 is only adding up this outer column, we will never typically go from this column and then add up something in the other column over and all this number here was added up just from this column. We're not typically going to add these three columns and then jump back over Over here and add something to the right hand side. That will typically always be the case as you go to longer financial statements and other types of financial statements. It'll really help to read them if you understand those concepts and will also help to create them. Next we have liabilities, liabilities are typically going to be less in number than assets.

Most of the time the liabilities we will be dealing with the first liabilities typically dealt with in most textbooks and most types of when learning this process will be those dealing with vendors accounts payable, more short term liabilities, those due within 30 to 60 days typically, and longer term liabilities notes payable being an example often being shown as a bank loan. When we're first starting out a business, we might take out a loan, have a longer term asset or liability that needs to be paid back. These then of course will also be represented in terms of dollars dollars that are owed in the future. So we've got 106 Everybody in this case, if we were to look at the liability section, then of the balance sheet, we're going to break out liabilities, that's the sub section, then current liabilities, current liabilities, those liabilities do within a year's time period.

So note that that's a, that's an arbitrary number, we just picked a year years time period. But it's important because a year is a relatively soon time period. And what we want to know is we want to know what are those obligations that are being coming up pretty soon, that we are going to have to pay for pretty soon with cash that we're going to need to have on hand pretty soon in order to pay for those those liabilities. So these are going to be current liabilities, those that are going to be due within a year's time period. Note the colon representing the fact that we are going to pull these into a sub category, we then indent the first account that account accounts payable. Accounts Payable is going to be the most common current liability that we will be dealing with and We're going to we're going to put accounts payable and then put the total out there, that's the only one we're going to have on this short example of the balance sheet.

So that we then have the total category total current liabilities, and we've got that 100 of accounts payable in the outer column, then we're going to have long term liabilities. And this case, we have long term debt, that's going to be the bank loan here. The assumption then being that the entire amount due the 70,000 is due after a year's time period, meaning we took out a loan, we're going to pay it back, we're not paying it back monthly in this case, note that we can we can make the loan terms whatever the loan terms may be. Most people are familiar with like a loan for a car payment, or a loan for a mortgage or something like that. But a business loan or a minute, any type of loan could be formatted in any way possible. So are in many different ways.

Maybe not any way possible, but in many different ways. So it's very powerful. That we take out a loan and we're going to pay back both interest in principal at later at a later time or it's possible that we take out a loan, and we pay back just at the interest and then pay back the principal at a later time. Also note that it is possible that if we had a loan, such as a mortgage where we paid off monthly, I'd loan that we had a payment schedule similar to that then that one loan would have a current portion and a long term portion, meaning it would have a portion that is due within a year's time period, and a portion that is not due within a year's time period. In this case, it's all due after the time period. We'll talk more about breaking out those types of problems at a later time.

We then have total liabilities and the total liabilities we're going to pull out to the outer column and we're just adding up the current liabilities and the long term liabilities to get to that total liabilities. We then have the equity section. equity section is going to be the amount due to the owners And I'm just going to give the amount as of now, that's going to be 46 100. And I'll show you one way that we can kind of calculate the amount right now. And that's going to be of course, taking the assets minus the liabilities, giving us that equity number. In real life.

Of course, as we create the financial statement, as we create the balance sheet, we will be getting this number from the transactions that took place from the data that we input into our system from the trial balance that we have been generated from that data that we input into the system. Most of the time when we start out however, we're basically going to give you the numbers and just and just look at a at the numbers that would be related to a fully completed balance sheet and then talk about how we are going to construct that so shortly We will then get into the construction of the transactions, the posting of the transactions, the building of the trial balance and then the building of the balance sheet. First, we'll look at these components of the balance sheet however, therefore the balance sheet as of a point in time, December 30 First 2001 in this case, we didn't have the assets that we put together the current assets, and property, plant and equipment being the two subcategories of assets.

We have the sub category accounts on the inner column and the totals pulled out to the outer column. We then have total assets on the bottom line of the assets section. We then have the liabilities where we have the current liabilities and the long term liabilities to have a total liabilities section. Total Liabilities 70,100. Women have the equity section the amount owed to the owner or the net assets of the business that can be calculated as total assets minus what is owed to the third party 116,200 minus 70,100 gives us the 46,100. We can also see that we have to have this liabilities 70,000 plus the owner capital, 46 100 equal the In the number total liabilities plus equity, therefore, we are in balance by total assets equaling total liabilities plus equity.

Note that is the accounting equation, assets equal liabilities plus equity. The balance sheet is the double entry accounting system, the balance sheet is the accounting equation, the components of the accounting equation are represented completely and entirely on the balance sheet. Next, at a later point, we'll talk about how the income statement and the statement of equity then relate to the balance sheet, given the fact that the balance sheet is the whole double entry accounting system in that it represents the entire accounting equation. So the question we'll have later is, well, if that's the case, if the balance sheet represents the accounting equation, then how does the income statement fit into the picture of the double entry accounting system? How does the statement of equity fit into the picture when it seems like the picture is complete? Just the balance sheet.

So keep that in mind as we go forward and move to the other statements including the income statement and the statement of equity objectives. We are now able to describe the balance sheet, list the components of the balance sheet, define and explain each component of the balance sheet.