We are moving right along. We are now on strategy six, technique five, strategy six technique five. presentation is strategy six and technique five states, balanced rhetorical appeals in each given context, balanced rhetorical appeals in each given context, once again, like some of the others in strategy six, you may be wondering what the term means. And so a rhetorical appeal, let me explain what they are. There are three rhetorical appeals, and they're based on Aristotle's model for argument. So this is a tried and true model that's been around for a long time.

It's based on a lot of pedagogical or teaching, research. It's based on logic, argumentation, a lot of logic classes, writing classes, critical thinking classes, and things like that. We'll introduce these as some of the basic foundations for their courses. And so there are three rhetorical appeals. One is ethos, and ethos is the appeal to the public. speakers and readers sense of ethics and credibility.

Ethos is, for example, if you've used a well known authority to back up your point or to use a fact from their research, that would be an example of ethos. If you appeal to the good in your reader, that would also be an example of ethos. For example, if you were to use an example of just their sense of ethics and their sense of personal morality, that would be an example of ethos. The second appeal is pathos. pathos is the appeal to the emotional side of an audience. And that means the pathetic appeal pathetic in this sense doesn't mean something that's lame or sad, like we may know now, pathetic, in that sense was more emotional and it wasn't a bad thing.

And pathos, like I said, appeals to their emotional side. So if you talked about, for example, those infamous commercials ASPCA puts out with Sarah McLaughlin singing arms of the angel. And you see the big puppy eyes and the big kitten eyes. Anybody who has a heart at all that's going to get to them in some way when they see those poor, hungry animals, and they're there, they're bone thin, and they're sad, and they're lonely, and it's trying to get you to donate money to them. That's a good example of pathos. And that is the emotional side of the audience.

It's a very extreme example, there are obviously more subtle examples you could use as well. Logos is the third one. And that's the appeal to the logical side of the reader. And that uses facts, statistics before and after shots. hard evidence, strong arguments, though, balance all three strong arguments should balance out those pathos and logos. And maybe even to a degree this could work in fiction, I'm not sure.

But I know in nonfiction and especially in argumentation, and probably in a lot of other genres as well. You would want to balance ethos, ethical appeal, pathos emotional appeal and logos logical appeal. And here's an example. I just made this up. But it's it's an example of how to balance all three. Ray Johnson argues that 50% of marriages end in divorce.

As a result, all couples should get counseling before tying the knot. Okay, there's a couple of flaws in the argument here, one who was Ray Johnson and why should we care what he thinks to where did that information come from? And three, you know, it's not very well explained. And so when you incorporate ethos, pathos, and logos into the example, it makes it a lot fresher, clearer, more example, more well explained, and it doesn't bore the reader as much the emotional side engages the reader. The logical side adds factual detail and substance and the ethical side, the ethos adds credibility, and so you have the balance of all three of those. Here's a better one renowned marriage psychologist, Dr. Ray Johnson, we know who he is.

He has credit credentials from the US University of Texas argues that since 50% of all marriages end in divorce, and there are often children involved in these divorces, all couples should get marriage counseling by a licensed licensed counselor, Minister, priest or Rabbi before getting married to decrease the chances of bad marriages and divorce that incorporates ethos, pathos, and logos all at the same time. You've got credentials, and I'm talking about children being involved. There's a combination of pathos and ethos in that and you've got logos by using the statistic and then telling us who and why. And so there's a combination of all of those in there and that's a much better example. So to reiterate, technique, five balanced rhetorical appeals in each given context, bounced all three rhetorical appeals, emotional, ethical, and logical appeal to the reader in all three, use all three at the same time.

And that is technique five of strategy six