We are at the first lecture of Six Sigma measure face. This lecture is about the process modeling. In this lecture, we are going to discuss about flowcharts written procedures and work instructions. We have already learned in the first chapter, that a process is a set of interrelated activities which transforms input into outputs. A process can be an individual process are a combination of numerous sub processes. Let us take a simple process of machine machining processes for making a screw.

The sub process are as you can see, cutting and adding add slotting polishing, threading, etc. The input for cutting and heading sub process is the steel wire the output is cut wire with head formed. Now, this output will become the input or head slotting sub process whose output is slotted head, with births and so on. This was very simple and easy to understand process. But think about the complicated business processes which cross across the various functions of business. It will not be easy for six sigma project team to go to each process steps and study thoroughly.

Best way to study the process is by mapping it graphically. flowchart is a tool to map the process graphically. It is a graphical representation of the sequence of steps that we perform to produce some output. The output may be a physical product Our service information flow diagrams were popularized by the computer programmers of 1960s and 1970s flow diagram is vital tool in problem solving as team members get a better understanding of the process as a whole. Once flow diagrams is prepared, the team does not have to waste time and energy to discuss a problem every time. flow diagrams are mainly of two types, high level process flow diagrams, detailed process flow diagrams high level gives a broad view of processes across departments.

Detailed flow diagrams gives detailed step by step activities of each departmental activities or sub activities. The difference between pi level and detailed flow diagrams is as depicted on the screen. That is learn how to prepare a process flow diagram. For this purpose, we need to learn about the different symbols of flow diagram. There are dozens of specialized symbols used in flow diagram ramps. However, most important symbols of process flow diagram are start or end rounded rectangle box for depicting the start and end of processes.

It gives clear understanding of process boundaries or the project. Activity symbol, rectangle box which indicates a single step, our activity and a process the activity is written inside the box. Decision symbol. Diamond box represents a checking or inspection in a process This is a vital symbol for problem solving. Usually, this is the points or data collection during the project flow lines represent the flow of process activities. Whenever a flow line takes a reverse path that represents reworks which is of Six Sigma team's interest delay symbol is similar to D showing the delay and processes important for six sigma team to analyze reason of delay the steps that are followed for constructing the flow diagram are step one Understand, start and end of process under study.

Step two lists down the activities performed in sequence. Step three, find which flow diagram symbol represents that activity. And step four, convert these symbols into flow diagrams with arrows. Let us consider the same process of preparing the tea to understand the flow diagram, the step of preparing the tea and their corresponding flow diagram symbols as you can see on the screen now, we are going to draw the flow diagram. First of all, we need to put the start symbol followed by the first activity that is boiling the water then and leaves, add milk, add sugar and then checking the taste and if D is fine, drink it and the process ends fine. But what about the situation when the taste of tea is not as expected you will check what is wrong then add leaves, milk or sugar accordingly.

Now, this is very important as you can see here The arrow goes in the reverse direction of process flow This indicates or rework. Whenever an arrow goes in the opposite direction, check that point. Six Sigma professionals are interested at these points. What do we analyze in the process flow diagram other than the reworks identify the following process outputs tasty tea identify the value added activities. For example, boiling, adding sugar, leaves, milk etc i'd Identify non value added steps checking and correcting the taste of tea again what are the key process input variables tea leaves all sugar in measurable terms say to tablespoon milk in measurable term say half cup temperature of water when leaves to be added say 85 degrees centigrade. Now, use this analog G to your processes to depict process mapping and identify the critical input and process parameters yet another example sample of process flow diagram drawn by a six sigma team during a six sigma project on aircraft, hydro boosters analyze yourself the process steps and we work area.

Let us discuss an important tool for managing the process the written procedures you know by reducing variation, we are improving the process we reduce variation to reduce variation, it is necessary to do things in same way, always best way To ensure that things are done in same way is to have written procedure and work instructions. written procedures are often generic in nature and usually in text format and covers several processes and projects. Whereas, work instructions are usually product specific and include graphics showing discrete steps includes safety points, tools, acquired, and other job instructions. Thank you for this lecture. Let's go ahead with the next lecture.