Good morning, what we're going to talk about today is behavioral symptoms analysis, or BSA, or sometimes called body systems analysis, both of the same. So this, to me is a very interesting element of human intelligence, gathering information from people, either unknowingly and then unaware that you're sitting watching them and assessing how they are or how their mental status or whether they're telling the truth or whether they're lying whether they like someone whether they don't like so this all comes to into behavioral symptoms analysis. And its body language, but understanding that body language is critical, and this can flag up potential indications of lying, deceit, love hate. So we're going to cover this in a fair bit of detail. The next 30 minutes or BSA guides and informs in an assessment of a person. And this this can be quite tricky.

If you meet someone for an interview, then the interviewee is likely to be anxious, so they're likely to send off anxious signals. And that's only natural. There's going to be some cultural differences. You have to take that into account from wherever you live in the world. And it can help evaluate intentions. So reading the body, listening to what's coming out.

Melding the two can say, okay, he seemed pretty truthful up to this point and then got really anxious and then once he discussed that point, he calmed down again. So let's focus a bit more on what he was trying to message at that point of anxiousness. It can help to evaluate truthfulness and reliability. Now these are just flags signals. So don't take one off, that he's scratching his neck and he's lying or she's rubbing her nose. She's trying to be deceitful.

That's not the case, you have to take them in clusters, you have to take them in relation to what they're saying how they're saying. So it's it's part of a jigsaw puzzle. And this is one other component. Remember I said tools in your human shed, or your interviewing capabilities yet. These are the pieces This is another tool you can use and the following lecture I accessing cues is exactly the same is by you, to look truthful and confident. So you can send messages.

Now you know what to look for. You can also replicate those truthful and confidence making messages, for instance, in an interview, if you are anxious, then you may want to try harder to send messages actually, you're quite relaxed, but you're confident, you know what you're talking about. So it can be useful to To use in the opposite direction, you're not just reading sources, you're sending positive signals as well. And you could also be sending unknowingly sending negative signals I you're anxious, you're not confident. So you can spot those quickly and stop them from happening in yourself. form of communication and the other form of communication is obviously in verbal what you say vocal how you say, angry, pleasant, lovingly hatefully nonverbal body language, which is what we're focusing on today.

And that's a key element that comes in with all those three. And this this works online as well. So you speak to someone on Skype exactly the same. If you're speaking to someone on the phone, you're obviously not going to see what they're doing. But vocally, you can pick up a huge amount of information. So you can use it remote aspects as well.

So, what we notice as human beings generally Verbal 7%. So what's being said about 7%? You're picking up the rest of just background noise as far as human beings are concerned. And of course, different people have different skills and different needs, so they're going to be more or sometimes less than that 7% factor. So you have to, you have to build that in. I've got an eight year old, who definitely doesn't listen to 7% that I say to her, it's more like 2% the vocal how you say it is a much bigger component of the conversation.

So the tone the subtext that you're picking up, is very vital to human beings. And of course, nonverbal, what you're seeing in the person while they're talking is over half of the message. The compensation. So it's important that you mix and match all three, you listen to what's being said, you listen to how it's being said. And you also look into the cues that the person is giving you. Remember I said before, there's sometimes in human world.

People work in pairs. So one can ask the questions, the other one can watch the source. This is a particular reason why. So you won't remember Robin day where you can google him. And the Robin day experiment, Robin day was a TV presenter. Guest now back in his 70s or 80s, and he did a test on the people, millions of people watch the show.

And he looked at the different forms of media communication. And the result was that people thought newspapers were on hold 64% correct. Radio 73% correct. And the television 54% correct. So the radio Actually not seeing the verbal communications. And but the tone and the conversation itself people, people can actually focus on what was being said and how it was being said.

So it's an interesting breakdown of how people take in information and different people are stronger in different areas. So you have to take that into account. congruence are congruent communications are where the verbal element is supported and emphasized by the vocal and nonverbal elements. So politicians, for instance, will be trained to produce congruent communications. It's not only what you say, which is part of the message, it's how you say it, and how you stand up in front of people and look like a confident human being and a potential politician is a critical component. So it's a mix of all three.

And that's what you should be looking at. In human world. You should be looking at producing confidence using all three using the congregation Communications, and you should be looking at how the source uses their communications. Maybe inadvertently or subconsciously. person is open and relaxed and honest. Producers is a production product of concrete communications.

So, using all three, use all three in harmony is a great skill. So incongruent communications is where the verbal element is conflicted by the vocal and nonverbal. People don't believe what you're saying, because you're sending out the wrong signals. And that sort of person is anxious, guided and possibly dishonest or untrustworthy. So if you're sending out incongruent communications, people are unlikely to trust you. And that's a generalization, obviously, but it's a valuable generalization.

So you're looking more for producing yourself, the more concrete communications and if a source is producing incongruent communications, then potentially there's something else. So all symptoms increase with anxiety. Remember I said for the interview, you're going to be anxious. If the police stop you in the street, you're likely to be anxious. If something is happening in your life, you're likely to be anxious. And that's hard to deal with.

It's hard to put on the back burner. So that you can produce a confident congruent persona. While symptoms are spontaneous and automatic, which means it's extremely difficult to stop them. So if you're not confident or you've just committed a crime, it's very, very difficult for you to stop a leakage in your in your body language. Depending how confident you are as a speaker, this can bounce off the listener. So if you're listening, someone who's very, very confident and enthusiastic, you're more likely to listen to them and be confident and enthusiastic.

And the true meaning of the message that say the sources saying can be assessed from analysis of the behavior of symptoms, how they're reacting when you're asking the questions, and they're given the answers, and I'll show you some examples in a few minutes. How do we evaluate behavioral symptoms? Now, obviously, there's degree courses and you can be a professor in this and but we're looking at from an interview perspective or debriefing a source perspective where we're sitting in the room with this person, and we're using this the BSA as a tool To indicate whether they may or may not be lying about something may not be the whole conversation may just be small component parts of an event build a model of normal patterns of behavior to the question. And obviously, through watching the source, there may be if this is the fifth or the 10th time you've met the source, you've got a good idea of how they how they react, if they're under pressure, they may drink beforehand, if they're hugely anxious, may drink a lot of coffee, which will will make them look even more anxious, potentially.

So there's lots of different x factors, but over time, you can build a baseline standard of behavior. And then you look for changes in that normal pattern, check for timing, frequency, consistency and evaluate the symptoms in clusters. So you're looking at someone and if their behavior one week is baseline, then that's good. If they're Behavior the next weekend is anxious, comes across as anxious or at least indicates that they may be anxious then you need to establish a reason behind are they lying? Is the other factors behind it is that we fail as our husbands ill children ill did they have trouble just get into the meeting because the car broke down and ran out of fuel. I've gotten the money the poor.

There's there's a there's 100 hundreds of different reasons why they may be anxious. But that flag that red flag will allow you to question further the empire that the information they've given you or the reasons why they're appearing anxious. So it could be the environment, cold, the age, you may be younger, they may be older that may make them anxious and vice versa. Are they smart enough to them? Are they miss reading the situation? Or you miss reading situation?

Are they naturally anxious? Previously drugs, alcohol, physical medical conditions, major influences. Why the anxious could be this very important issue talking about chemical weapons in Iraq, for instance. They may not appreciate or understand or have information regarding the information requirements that you so they don't actually know what you're talking about, or they don't have access to the information that you need. There could be misunderstandings, a lack of rapport. And as I said, on the report, lecture report is a key component to all this stuff that may be trying to deceive you or lie to you.

It could be something to do with payment. It could be something to do with information they have available. You could be there working for someone else. RDP or verbal communications. These are the general sort of highlights. So if you're right and truthful, you tend to talk a bit more.

You're not going to yield on points. And you may anger easily believe it enough because you're being truthful. Hold on, I'm telling the truth. And sources tend to give you direct and spontaneous answers, because they've actually done it or they know they've got the information. If you're anxious or deceitful, you're gonna talk less because you don't want to give the information away. You don't want to give too much away that might highlight the fact you're lying.

If you're probed about being deceitful, you'll change your tack. You'll change your tune quite quickly. You won't get angry like a potential truth truthful person would, you'll come up with different reasons why you the information is different. The starting point for Throw people under the bus difficult to anger because you're lying or you've been deceitful or the sources been lying or the sauce has been deceitful. So it's difficult to get angry about something that actually doesn't happen and you actually don't have feelings about what the source doesn't. You your answers are going to be vague and hesitant, especially as you go down the path.

Remember the tree of knowledge, the detail, logical, persistent question, Dan each branch, the more you dig down, the harder it's going to be to make up the lies and do it quickly. The truthful people I did, I saw I went in first person, second person. I took what you witness the spreading the blame, you can understand you can see a lot of people go I swear. That's always an indicator of starting to make things up. No, so deceitful you start to make mistakes because you're making up on the spur of the moment. And it comes back to your interviewing techniques and your interviewing skills is to how to keep pushing them in the direction of get to the area where they actually can't recall because it never happened.

So they're starting to make it up on the spur of the moment. So they make mistakes. They stutter start to stutter a lot, they start to deflect questions. Sorry, can you say that again? The vocal communications. If you're more relaxed, over normal rate, volume, pitch tone.

If you're anxious, then it's going to change considerably up and down rise, lose depth, the tone tends to lose depth. So you've got a variety because there's so many things going on in the mind when you're lying. So many things going on in the body. Remember, the blood pressure goes up, Stan, each body language is starting to change because you start to sweat and places, move around on the seat. This all happens with the communication levels as well. And he started to evade all that memory loss.

I can't remember hesitation think in advance of that typical way of doing things. Side traffic tracking. So Oh, by the way, how did that new car work out? And sort of going on to points in the conversation that are useless as far as answering your information requirements, because that's all interrupting, avoidance if they start to interrupt you because it means you can't pose the question properly, which means they have time to think of an answer. And repeating is a common way of doing so. Where were you last night?

Where was I last night? Yeah, Where were you last night? Last night? Hold on a minute. Let me think about if you know what you're doing if you're telling the truth, you know where you were last night, you're in front of the television watching soccer. See nonverbal communications, looking at movement, posture, gestures.

We've talked about this a little bit, we'll go into a little bit more detail now. So if they're anxious, their nonverbal communications will change. Typical telltale signs posture changes in barriers. Remember, I mentioned that in previous lectures and they will change. As soon as their body starts to heat up, their blood is pumping around. They will change position, they'll start to scratch they'll start to itch.

Grooming just as I mentioned before tension leaving activities, stretching and all That sort of stuff because their body is changing due to the the additional blood pumping around quicker. The additional blood necessarily but the blood pumping around quicker or going to the extremities if you're open and relaxed, as we've said previous, previously upright front aligned, relaxing compose mood changes, but if you start to get anxious then slouched like a frontal alignment remember the blading I said, you push the body away from the person who's asking you these difficult questions, they start to become more rigid and tense. small motor skills are difficult to to manage. So you can't even something that picking up a pencil or drinking a cup of tea or drinking your water in a journal interview becomes difficult. So these are sort of barrier signals you may get from sources. One on the left, crossed, arms crossed Legs trying to protect themselves very indicative of someone who's trying to protect themselves but also maybe cover up their vulnerabilities.

And that's what that was just as means their corporate body with a hands and groin region with that with their legs. Same with the barriers, even something as simple as notepad can be a mental barrier to try and keep you out. So you see people doing this and cross legs can be an indication that they're trying to protect themselves from something. hand to mouth gestures. Even if sources lying, they may be very difficult to stop themselves, telling the truth or making mistakes that indicate their line so they will use your hands sometimes to try and stop themselves talking. These are common mistakes and also starting to sweat.

Your blood shooting around yes So, the hand gestures are very common. I don't want to talk about the seminar and I'm not giving up too much information, I'm going to move to Chrome. And that's these are quite unconscious movements. Remember, same thing I scratch his nose may be starting to sweat, but he's also trying to stop stop talking. This doesn't look like he's confident. If you had your chin on your hands, for instance, that's more of a confidence, send, send a message.

And a lot of police forces tend to use that because it sends a message that you're listening and you're confident whereas this guy, he's trying to cover his mouth, he doesn't talk anymore. But at the same time, he may start to sweat a bit around the nose so it's done which suggests it's good. Again, it could be sweating, sweat related, but also is trying to break eye contact. Remember eye contact is valuable when it comes to building rapport but also the eyes of the soul to the heart apparently, and people start inadvertently start to close our eyes cover the rise up. And because they just don't want to see who is asking these questions anymore itching, scratching grooming are all indications flagging up that they may be anxious or being deceitful. grooming gestures, hands clothing in particular, and the swelling again has a bra pretty much everywhere.

And this swelling is going to make you move and this is an example of swaying around the shirt color which is very common, but also likes going to start to sweat. If If you become an anxious and you can start moving around in the chair. All salivation dry lips, licking of lips, difficulty swallowing kind of somewhat to please lump in the throat are all indications that your body is done to dry up a little bit because you've got a lot going on and you got you got all your blood pumping around and your minds trying to make up what the right answers are, what the wrong answers are or what they want us to think. Change voice patterns, as I remember, as I mentioned previously, that can change quite considerably. If you're relaxed. There's no change to it.

There's confidence and there's the baseline. But if you start to become anxious, there's changing voice patterns, muscular activity, wringing of Hands, fingers, drumming, that's a common one. If you've ever heard anyone doing that, it could be that they're waiting in line to get their driving license, waiting in line to get a train ticket, but they're still anxious because they need to go in five minutes. That noise is an indication, understanding anxiousness, don't be concerned about something suffering Random seats, tapping the fingers of pencils or pens bouncing legs is a big one. You sit somewhere in a waiting room. And you'll quickly see a lot of these signs because people are anxious.

Dentists, for instance, if you're in dentist waiting when you see every single one of those, and you may be given off every single one of those as well. So that's something to look out for. What is your body doing that you didn't realize? It was doing? swinging arching feet. And how do you look?

Pale skin thin lips, shallow breathing, it sounds like you're just about to die. But if someone's anxious or lying or being deceitful, and these are indicators, these are probably more long term indicators or you're into an interview for after about 30 minutes and this is what it starts to look like your source. So in summary, call the investigators there. But you could be anything from an intelligence analysts to human professional. Thorough as investigators you should assess the BSA