In this grammar section, we're talking about correlative conjunctions. So let's see what they are. Basically, these are conjunctions that come in pairs, and they act as a team. In order to make these conjunctions work, you have to use both of them in different places in a sentence. These conjunctions also act as cohesive devices, because they connect words and phrases together. So let's look at some examples of that.

Here, we're looking at the correlative conjunctions, either and or, now, notice that they come as a pair, they work as a team. So here's our example. Many ignore recycling, either out of ignorance or laziness. So this sentence can only convey its correct meaning. If we use both of these correlative conjunctions in different places in a sentence. We can't just use one of them, otherwise it doesn't work.

Let's look at another example. This time, we're looking at both. And here's our example. Vegetables are both nutritious and tasty. Now I want you to notice that whenever we use correlative conjunctions, a comma is not usually used between the two components of a correlative conjunction. Okay, so we don't usually use a comma.

However, there is an exception. And that exception is that if there are other elements that are present. So let's look at an example of that. Here we have the correlative conjunctions, neither nor our sentences. Neither Germany, which only grew by 2.4%, nor France saw significant growth in banana sales. Now here, you'll notice that We've used a comma with which.

And the reason for that is that in this sentence, there are other elements present. So what are the other elements, in this case, the word which is a relative pronoun. So in this case, we're adding extra information right in between the two components of the correlative conjunction. So, in order to separate this extra information, we use a comma to make it clear to the reader. We'll explore relative pronouns in much more detail in the next video. I want to now explore the structure of the correlative conjunctions, because there's a very specific structure to these conjunctions.

The most important thing about their structure is that the first part of the pair should always be exactly parallel in form to the structure after the second part. So basically, in other words, now should be linked to nouns. adjectives should be linked to adjectives, prepositional phrases to prepositional phrases, and so on. So let me show you what I mean. Here we have two versions of the same sentence. One is the incorrect version, and the other is the correct version.

So here's the incorrect version. Parents should neither yell at their children nor be punishing them. Now, I want you to notice that here we have our correlative conjunction, neither. That's the first part of the conjunction and nor is the second part of the conjunction. So what we're saying is that whatever comes after the first part of the conjunction should be exactly parallel to what comes after the second part of the conjunction. So here You can see that the verb yell is not parallel in form to the second part be punishing.

If we want to make these verbs parallel, what we need to do is change the be finishing part to punish, okay? Because then we have exactly parallel verbs. On the one hand we have yell. On the other hand, we have punish. So now the structures are parallel. The correct sentence is, parents should neither yell at their children nor punish them.

So that's what we mean by parallel structures. Let's look at more examples of this. Here we have the incorrect sentence. I used to love both swimming competitively and to play golf. Here are correlative conjunctions are both and, and so after the first part of the conjunction, we have swim Which is a continuous form of the verb. And after the second part of the conjunction, we have to play golf.

This is the base verb. So you will notice that the form of the verbs are completely different in the first part, and the second part. So in order to correct the sentence, we have to make the verbs exactly parallel to each other. So how do we do that? Well, we have to change to play into playing. So the correct sentence would read.

I used to love both swimming competitively and playing golf. Now those structures are parallel. On the one hand, we have swimming, and on the other hand, we have playing, swimming and playing. Now they're parallel in their structure. Here's another example. Vegetables not only are delicious, but also healthy here The first part of the conjunction not only, and here's the second part, but also now this sentence is incorrect.

Because after the first part of the conjunction, we have a verb, R, and an adjective, delicious. Whereas after the second part of the conjunction, we only have one adjective. So in order to correct this sentence, we have to remove this our and change this location, we have to move it after vegetables. So the correct sentence would read, vegetables are not only delicious, but also healthy. So you'll notice now, after the first part of the conjunction, we have one adjective. And after the second part of the conjunction, we also have one adjective healthy.

So now the structures are parallel. Here's our last example. Pair can either send their children to a traditional school or to a home school. Our correlative conjunctions here are either and, or so after the first part of the conjunction, we have send their children to a traditional school. You'll notice that we have a verb over here send. Whereas after the second part of the conjunction, we don't have any verb.

We just have a preposition, an article, and a noun. So if we want to make the sentence parallel in its structure, here's what we need to do. We need to change this part over here, send their children we need to move this part before the first part of the correlative conjunction. So the correct sentence would read. Parents can send their children to either a traditional school or a homeschool. Now the structures are parallel Because after the first part of the conjunction, we have an article and a noun phrase.

And after the second part of the conjunction, we also have an article and a noun phrase. I hope that's clear for you. Now let's take a look at a list of correlative conjunctions. Here are some of the most common correlative conjunctions as an as both an either or, neither, nor, not, but not only, but also And lastly, whether or so you can see that these correlative conjunctions are fist bumping each other, and that's because they work together as a team. So that's all for this section on correlative conjunctions. Our ship will now be sailing to the next grammar section, which is relative clauses.