Welcome back. In this video, I'll be teaching you about the vocabulary words that you need when you're describing maps. So this is what a map question looks like. Essentially, you have two maps. One is before version of the map, and the other is the after version of the map. Okay, so sometimes you may have dates on the maps.

Other times, there may be no dates on the maps. Now, since we're talking about vocabulary in this video, I want you to first of all pay attention to the vocabulary words that are already available to you. So if you look at the map here, you'll see that you already have many vocabulary words to work with. For example, here we see the word beach. Here we have see here we have restaurant, accommodation, Pier, farmland, Forest Park, and so on. So be sure to use these vocabulary words when you're describing Changes in the maps.

Now we'll be taking a look at the vocabulary words for describing the different types of changes that you see on a map. So there are several different types of changes that are possible. Let's start off with addition. Sometimes, you'll notice that new items have been introduced into the map. These new items can include some kind of a construction, or building or hospital, railway lines, or river and so on. So in such a case where you have new changes that are being added to a map, you can use any of these words here.

So you'll notice that here we have the verb form of the word, and here we have the noun form of the word, okay? So we have verb, and in the parentheses, we have the noun. So let me give you an example of how to use these words. Let's say that a new change was added to a map. In this case, you can say something like, many changes were introduced in the city in 2005. Next, you may notice that sometimes certain items have been removed from the map they've been taken away.

In this case, you can use these words here. Okay, so again, we have the verb here and the noun in the parentheses. So, if you want to say that something has been removed from a map, then you may say something like, after the removal of trees, a parking lot was created. So you can also use the noun form to describe the change or the verb form. Sometimes certain items are made bigger in a map. So in this case, you can say that the item was expanded, extended, enlarged and so on.

For example, you may say the size of the housing area was expanded by 2005 On the other hand, sometimes things are made smaller in a map. In this case, you can use words such as reduced or reduction, shrink or shrinking, and so on. So you may say the size of the housing area was significantly reduced by 2005. Now, we already know that when you have two maps, there's going to be some kind of change, but there are many different types of changes. And to describe these types of changes, you can use the words here, such as transform or transformation, rebuild or rebuilding and so on. So you may say something like, the city underwent a major transformation by the year 2005.

Lastly, here are the specific types of changes that you may see in your map. These types of changes include urbanization, pedestrianisation modernization, And so on. I also want you to know that you can use these words listed here as adjectives. For example, you can use the words residential, urban, modern, industrial, and rural to describe the map. I also want you to note that when you're describing your map, you may combine any of these words together when constructing your sentence. So here's an example where we combine the different words from this table.

You may say, after the demolition of trees, the city was urbanized into a modern landscape. So be sure to know how to use all of these different words to describe the different types of changes that you see on a map. Next, let's talk about directions. Here we have an image of a compass. a compass is what we use for directions. So when you have a map You'll have to describe the directions of the different things that are on the map.

So if the things are on the top, we say North, if the things are on the bottom, we say south. If the things on the map are on the right hand side, we say east. And if they're on the left hand side, we say West, and we call the middle of the map, the center. Now there are additional directions that fall between these points. So let's take a look at those. If you're describing something that is on the top right corner of the map, then you have to use the direction northeast.

If you're describing something that's on the lower right hand side of the map, then you have to say southeast. If you're describing something that is on the lower left hand side of the map, you have to say Southwest, and if you're describing something that's on the top left hand corner, then you have to say Northwest So northeast falls between North and East, Southeast falls between South and East, and so on. So let's look at an example where we use two different directions to describe where the different things are on a map. As a side note, oftentimes on the map question, you'll see this symbol here. This symbol describes the directions that are on the map. So N stands for North, W for West, as for South, E for East, and then an E stands for northeast, and W for Northwest and so on.

So let's start with our examples. Here we have a hospital and we want to describe the location of this hospital. So you may say, a new hospital has been built in the northwest of the town. Okay, so this here is the Northwest. Remember, Northwest is the topic left hand corner of the map. Here we have a park.

So you may say, a park has been established just east of the new hospital. Okay, so here we use the phrase just east of. Now notice that East is actually the right hand side of the map. However, we're not saying that the park has been established to the east of the map. Instead, we're saying that the park has been established to the east of the hospital. So the east of the hospital means to the right side of the hospital.

Here's another example. A restaurant has been constructed to the east of the new hospital. Now notice that again, we're using east to mean the right hand side. And in this case, we're using the hospital as our reference point. So we're not saying that the restaurant has been constructed to the east of the map. We're saying it has been constructed to the east of the new hospital now You may be wondering what exactly is the difference between just east off and to the east off?

Well, there is a difference. When you say just east off, it means right next to, okay, it means it's very close, very close. But when you say to the east of it means that it may not be very close. Okay, so that's the difference between just east of and to the east of one is closer than the other. Here's another example, to the southeast of the town, or hotel has been developed. Now this time, we are talking about the southeast of the map or the southeast of the town.

So if you'll remember, Southeast means the lower right hand side of the map. Finally, we have a new Street has been laid stretching from east to the southwest. So here we have a new street that has been laid and we're describing The two endpoints of the street. So we're saying that the street starts in the east side of the map, and it ends in the southwest of the map. So Southwest, if you'll remember, again, is the lower left hand side of the map. So that's how we use north, south, east, west, Northwest, northeast, southeast, and southwest.

To describe the different directions on a map. Notice that you don't have to just use the map as the reference point to describe the directions. You can also use other things that are already on the map as your reference points. So instead of saying that a park has been established in the north of the map, you can also say a park has been established, just east of the new hospital. Now let's look at some other examples for describing maps. So here's an example of something that you may see on your task one essay, here we have a map of a university.

So let's look at the different ways in which you can describe this map. If you're describing the chemistry block and the parking area, you may say the parking area is across the chemistry block. Okay, across means in front of, so the parking area is in front of the chemistry block. Now instead of saying across, you can also use other synonyms. You can say across from or in front of. So you can say the parking area is in front of the chemistry block.

Let's see another example. Now, you can also turn the sentence around and say the chemistry block is behind the parking area. So you can either use the chemistry block as the reference point, or you can use the parking area as the reference point to describe your map. Notice that instead of saying behind, we can use other synonyms such as to the back off. So you can say the chemistry blocks Is to the back of the parking area. Here's another example.

If we want to describe the road that runs in the middle of the map, we can say, the main road runs through the center of the map. In this case, we're using the map as the reference point. But note that you can also use other things that are on the map as the reference point to describe the location of the road. Instead of saying runs through, you can use other synonyms, such as goes through, passes through crosses, or runs along. So you can say the main road goes through the center of the map. Instead of saying center, you can use other synonyms like middle so you can say the main road runs through the middle of the map.

Now let's describe the library and the physics block. We can say the physics block is Next to the library. In this case, we're using library as a reference point to describe the location of the physics block. Instead of saying next to, you can also say, adjacent to, beside opposite to near or close. So you may say the physics block is adjacent to the library. Here's another example.

The biology block is between the library and parking area. So in this case, we're using the library and the parking area as a reference point to describe the location of the biology block. Now instead of saying between, you can use other synonyms such as in the middle of so you can say the biology block is in the middle of the library and parking area. Here is another example. The admin building is located in the southeast area. Now instead of saying located, you can use other words such as is situated lies or simply is.

So you may say the admin building is situated in the southeast area. Instead of saying area, you can say, region, sector, section or part. So you may say the admin building is located in the southeast region. Here are some more vocabulary words. Let's say that you have a map like this. In this case, we're trying to describe the location of the lecture theatre and the science laboratories.

So, you may say, the lecture theatre overlaps the science laboratories. Overlap just means that one thing is partially covering another thing. So in this case, the lecture theatre is partially covering the same area as the science lesson. oratories so in this case, we use the word overlap. Here is another example. The library connects to the shuttle bus terminal.

So here we have the library. And here we have the shuttle bus terminal. Notice that here we have a little pathway that connects the library on the shuttle bus terminal. So to describe this connection, or we can say the library connects to the shuttle bus terminal. Now instead of saying connects to you can also use other synonyms such as joins or leads to. So you may say, the library joins the shuttle bus terminal.

Now here, we have two footpaths and we're trying to describe these two footpaths that are running through the middle of the map. So you may say two footpaths adjacent to the shuttle bus terminal, run parallel to each other So here we have two footpaths, and they are adjacent to the shuttle bus terminal, meaning that they are next to the shuttle bus terminal. And we're saying that they run parallel to each other, meaning that they run alongside each other. So instead of saying run parallel to we can also use other synonyms, we can say our parallel to or run along or run alongside. So you may say, two footpaths adjacent to the shuttle bus terminal run alongside each other. Here's our last example.

We're trying to describe this little region of the map here. So to describe this, you may say a footpath intersects the main road leading from the terminal. Okay, so intersect means that when one thing crosses over or goes through something else, in this case, we have the footpath, which is going through the road. So in this case, you can use the word intersect. Instead of saying intersect, you can also say, cut through. So you may say, a footpath cuts through the main road leading from the terminal.

So I hope that by now you know how to describe the different directions, and the locations of the different things on the map. This was our final video for the ingredients section. And we're now going to be moving on to the next part of this course, which is the recipe in the recipe part of this course, I'll show you exactly how to construct your task one essay. So I hope you're enjoying this course so far. And I'll see you in the next video, in which we'll start to discuss the recipe for writing a great essay.