Assessment of security preparedness is an important role for countries. The assessment helps test the security controls as well as identifying the gaps in security infrastructure and policy. A security assessment can be done at multiple levels.

First, individual security controls can be tested using auditing tools. Second, assessment can be done at a holistic, system, or organizational level through exercises and real-time simulations. This block introduces the tools and processes of security audits and assessments.

This will allow you to learn how the assessment of residual vulnerability in systems can be identified and weighed; moreover, such audits and assessments help establish how to gauge cyber systems readiness to deal with specific types of known threat actors and to prepare for activities where an unknown threat emerges (so-called zero-day threats because there is no warning of their specific means of attack or malign action).