Welcome back friends, we have learned about system administration, we are learning system administration. We will learn about kernel services system services, user administration, advanced file system and much more topics including networking. And here in this lecture we are going to learn about installation or traditionally thought installation is a simple task but not actually as simple as windows in Windows, Linux has a proper or somewhat cold difficult installation procedures. Because here we have a more intuitive approach over installations. So installations on the Linux environment, specifically Red Hat, it has a great concern and we can control over various factors. So the installation on RTL is governed as a separate topic it has created so we are going to learn about it in depth In this lecture, so let's start.
Here we will be learning about important command line switches, understand different installation methods, create advanced partitions layout and understand the key starts roll up start to learning about in detail and acondo, Anaconda and other things. So let us start our journey with Anaconda. It is a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installer. Anaconda is the installer for arch here. It is a Python based program feature having several mode the key start mode provides an automated installation which is described there. It has upgrade mode, rescue mode, and Anaconda runs in two stages.
It supports different mode the key studies and automation installing automated installation of Anaconda you can grade the performance performs an update of an existing redhead enterprise installation. The rescue mode allows you troubleshooting of the unbootable systems. Sometimes, the bootloader of a system crashes for a wide range of reasons. And you're in trap with unable to log into your system. So what you can do, how you can rescue your system as Anaconda would help you out. It consists of two stages.
The first stage starts the installation, and the second stage performs installation. The two modes offer and account our upgrade and rescue mode. The upgrade mode can be selected when the installer detects an existing RTL installation. It upgrades existing packages, and lease configuration and other other user data impact Then there comes rescue mode which can be used to troubleshoot a system that is no longer bootable it closed than necessary rescue involvement from the secondary stage and gives the user a shell to access the system and the Virtual Console or command line interface of the Linux terminal will be provided to you to access your system. The reasons for crash could be like suppose you have updated your system with r minus F or minus u option of fresh and or upgrade your Linux kernel image. And the new kernel image proved to be unstable and some for some reason it crashes down.
So you are left with no kernel other than neuroticism because you have automatically deleted the earlier version and your system crashed system. You can use the rescue mode of Anaconda to India to gain re access of our system. The fastest Stage is the starting of the installation is consist of installation of the kernel and init rd in it ram drive dot image dot IMG file. It can be started by any supported bootloader like grub grand unified bootloader, the Linux bootloader and so on. The task of the first stage is to initialize the installer. It parses the command line arguments.
Parsing means, you if you have learned about compiler design, there are two kinds parses the syntactical analysis phase the parsing phase of detection of a programming language or commands. The parsing is done with this stage. It auto detects the hardware, it loads additional drivers. It allows you to select language keyboard layout and installation method. It sets up networking if required. For instance, The first stages of with word media where you bought a CD CD or DVD drives.
The board dot ISO or installation of the CD DVD is then here. A USB drive containing boot image dot IMG network boot with a PFC. Other boot loaders such as grub, boot floppies. They are that are not any longer supported. The boot media media can be modified for custom installations. During the course, accessing the installer, this phase you get have to gain the access to the installer.
The graphical installation if you're going doing with a graphical installation, you have a better compatibility or better user interface. However you have restricted some control over the things. It is a default installation type, because most users could not use a command line and It was features it has a useful such as like a low resolution, resolution escape DDC and so on. The VNC based installation consists of activate with VNC and protect the session with VNC password provide a password in the VNC password variable. Similarly, you can set network parameters with IP address, the netmask network mask below subnet mask. The text based installation, which is at the command line interface has to do with the text switch.
It is it has a menu based terminal interface you have to select from certain options available in the medium. The middle is our serial installation which uses automatically when new graphic card is inserted. It is enabled with providing the argument device equals two seater Then there comes the first stage where we are learning the installation method how it is conducted. The available installation method include a CD you know how you can install or booting systems or physical rice you can install with a CD DVD, a hardest external hard disk or internal hard is an NFS image an FTP client over the network you can also boot from the network by pressing the land wire or Wi Fi or you can over also do to do so with over the HTTP protocol of the internet. It has the media says the two sets are available as client and server.
The client and server are available here. It can be downloaded from our HTML men run internet web page which contain packages for additional layer protocol products. The installation key should be entered to unlock additional content that is not a problem. You can also vote with a x ray to image the ISO image from the USB drive or NFS media and so on. Then there is a network installation server which is used with NFS or FTP. It is after often faster with them as compared to CD ROM based or a hardest base installation.
It is necessary for network based installs. Suppose you have network installations or distributed environment or over a lab or a server environment running in a lab. It allows you to share the rendered directory via NFS or FTP you have a better flexibility over the environment the security and other concerns It can be used as a yum repository, which is a default installation media for installing various utilities and software. Then there comes a second stage that is installation overview. Here you have option to select a language, a keyboard selection date and time selection this party's mean bootloader configuration network and timezone configuration package selection, you have to provide an installation key, the SOC partitions could be used any partition, whatever you are doing, so, you have to create a sub partition, all we have covered in the second lecture prac installation of the RTL image, but these are the options that you might have not given focus or concern indem Here comes the configuring of file system the second stage you must select the mount points the mounting We have done in the previous lectures, the mounting points the partition size we have to define partition for so I have ruled and other kind of partitions etc.
You have to create partitions in the file system. In the installer you can manually or automatic repair manual setup or it will auto automatically select a file system by default a key ESD three or 62 or any other partition the DOS partition currently don't run on RTL, but you can choose that part sorry that file system to be there. There are many layouts which may be used. Route must include the directory like etc, like bin, s bin and so on. There's a huge range of libraries we have around in essentials such as the complete Linux file system that is there to swap spaces or typically two is a multiplication of two of the physical gap support To our size of 40 You must create a swap memory of size in GP. A swap is also used as an additional support to ram it is a benefit in linings or it is absent in Windows environment.
Here the sap implementation is useful when suppose you have a file or program which is running on your environment and it requires a ram of 16 gb and you have only eight GB of RAM. So by having a sub partition of 16 gb, the double of your RAM size, you could run eight plus six theme science. It is not as fast as ram but it is an additional. Actually the difference between RAM and hard is simple. Hard disk or SSD is slow as compared to them. The readwrite operations per second or at a particular moment of time is very fast, very rapid in RAM.
As compared to the hardest on SSD, the data is meant to be stored on hard disk or SSD. But on ram it has to be copy and removed. It has to be committed every time first so a strap partition is a part of SSD or hard disk and you have designed it to be used as the kernel. The typical mount points are boot where you mount your pendrive or other file systems on the native Linux file system, the whole user van temp the temporary user local, this is a local location for a particular user for non root users is specifically an option and other file systems or other directories. America as well advanced partitioning raid is a software raid or as LVM could be advanced partitioning. The Raid allows you to create new partitions and select software raid as a file system type.
You have to combine raid partitions into raid devices with raid, we have learned about raid in the network section. Then there comes LVM we select the physical volume, the virtual manager or the conversion manager memory to create physical volumes LVM creates a volume group it at creating logical volumes. We have to create a first physical volume then logical volume is being created. We have already learned about this. Then there comes a package selection the default set of packages is automatically installed. You can select Customize now to change the default set of packages.
The customizing is necessary to add support for additional languages. Suppose you have default language of English Spanish, French Russian. And so if you are an speaker of Esperanto, which is absent or if you could be a speaker of Zulu, the African language, you could be installing that package separately. Yes, of course, you can have any language as an option displaying in the GI mode, you can install Anaconda automatically resolve package dependencies, you have to provide them. The package set can be easily customized after install with him or system conflict packages. The yum is a command line utility which allows you to install, upgrade, manage delete any packages or any repositories or software's or if you're not familiar with yum and not comfortable is specifically for text abusers are not very advanced users.
They could go with our system config packages Which is similar to Windows add or remove software, the program features you can have a graphical view where you have to click Select and do so by pressing pressing down next or other options. Then there comes a booting the first boot the post install configuration. Here we have to configure X Window System if necessary. Actually, it is not preferred on a server vironment where your company's entire data or including the website is being hosted on a server. That is, it is not referred to how a G y mod x window should be same way X Window because having a G y node itself is a risky thing. Because you may have been very comfortable and do not know what is actually happening.
There are very various concerns. It adds some extra load over the environment and so on. Or if are having an IoT devices like Raspberry Pi or other devices. Installing a GI mode is very heavy weighted or smaller devices you should run with very small lines of code. The power of Unix kernel is that it could be installed on very small devices as well as on the iPhone and in devices with a very small size and you can go with that the command line interfaces itself very powerful. It has a very high versatility and you have to be aware of various utilities and command options available there.
If you have to configure X Window, you can install a KD or genome. The genome is default which read or you have to install the complete server packages. Otherwise it is if you aren't used to really like package of RTL, it does not provide us Windows computer You can add firewall and so on etc. Kate, I'm setting a date and time register with our Red Hat network. To get updated archives, you can have setup users to different users you can create and remove, you can configure soundcard install RPMs and there are documentation from CD ROM. All these options are already available in the virtual consoles.
The command line interface then becomes a geeky start, which is an option. It has a scripted installation method. kickstart allows you to install to read info, it allows the installer to read information from designated file under grant prompting the person doing the installation for it. It especially especially facilitates setup of a number of machines that have similar hardware that the installer can auto successfully If it requires an atom to commit from the kickstart file, the installer part pauses and the user is prompted for the information. It covers a scripted information, it supports all Anaconda features. The root slash Anaconda keys configuration file is automatically created during installation.
The configuration is apt utility is available in the UI mode as well. A system config restart could be found on application of the desktop of Archie. Our system checker with a key s validator could be used for tic disorder which is a cindex. You can start a kick start installation where Anaconda enters the kick start node, when the Ks boot option is specified. The Ks queries DHCP Dynamic Host control protocol for the key start location you have to define the variables URL equals the key case it gets a file by SMTP, FTP or NFS. From the local media, you can also select floppy CD ROM, or other devices including the hardest and provide the path for the file the image.
Then there comes an autonomy of the Kiki start file. The command section the package section, the script section. A PT start file consists of several sections. In the first section the system is configured. If one of the mandatory drives is data directors is omitted, and akanda will automatically prompt the user. After that it continues with key star the package section the command section and the script section the command section configures the system it is omitted.
The packet section selects our packages and group for installation. It checks the dependencies which always resolved the script sections have contained the Options section to customize the system. It has a pre and post option, which are the scripts that are run before and after installation. The previous learn executed before installation and the post test scripts are executed after installation. The key start having the command section and installing it starting the installation. Installation mode consists of install and upgrade installed performs a fresh install upgrade performed from existing installation installation method include CD ROM URL NFS hard is the way you have to define your command section which is important which have important directives on the required directories are with localization options, authentication the bootloader Must be specified otherwise the installer configures them interactively.
The localization options including Kibo language timezone, as your local location at the authentication, root password authentication configuration, and other things have to redefine the bootloader have to redefine. It has optional directives, like network security and install base or installer behavior. The security concerns the firewall, economic services and all other. Here we are package selections. You can add package groups with a different package group. Remove a package from the list you have minus package name.
You can use wildcards to specify multiple packages. dependencies are always resolved. The support for additional language could be started with ADD direct language support The kickstart pre and post script the pre gives you the first word it executes as a bash shell script it is executed after kickstart file is passed. The post script gives you the final word it is after the installation is over. It can specify the interpreter. Actually bash shell is or Linux terminal is an interpreter where you execute one line at a time the C is routed by default but may be run without c issue.
So this all about installation, we have learned about various options with installation that kickstart Anaconda and various mode. We have we can go with them. The installation looks simple, but it has various options. It is not very difficult either, but having a proper knowledge about what the effect Are they available are the installation time and what you can upgrade later you can perfectly select your system is to configure your system as per your requirement. The requirement for vary the rate and is also meant for a huge you know, huge enterprise solutions and a small desktop edition as well. You have to configure it according to your usage.
It is a software which can run on a wide range of hardware configurations, you have to choose it according to your your need. We will learning more in the coming videos. Till then keep learning and keep moving ahead.