The system of symmetrical components is a mathematical method for representing an unbalanced set of phasers by three decoupled or independent set of balanced phasers. Not only does it ease in the study of three phase networks, but it is very important in the analysis for short circuit fault conditions. Also manufacturers of relay equipment especially modern day protective relays, often reference parameter settings in terms of one or more of the symmetrical components. So an understanding of the subject is essential to persons working in the protect in the protection industry. This course is about from beginning to end in itself. Minimum timeframe, about one hour to one and a half hours.

It certainly doesn't go in depth, but it'll give you all of the information and a complete understanding of what you need as you're working in the protection industry today. The course starts out with a brief overview of just what symmetrical components are including who developed them and and there's even a reference to where you can find the proof for the symmetrical components and how they represent a symmetrical quantities. But it does give you a quick look at what we're what symmetrical components are about and how they are used in the system. During the presentation of this course, there were There'll be times where we have to move from symmetrical components to the asymmetrical quantities. And because you have three sets of symmetrical components, and you're dealing with three phases, you could conceivably and you do have reference to basically nine different choices of how you're going to present the information so that you can understand it.

What I've tried to do is maintain a consistent look and feel for how I describe the phasers in symmetrical components. You'll see that the phase notation is written in subscript the first subscript, in this case a is denoted arrow denotes the phase of the quantity whether it's symmetrical component or not. The second term in the subscript, sometimes I use a superscript, but the second term is usually the notation is a notation for the sequential component, and zero will always represent the zero sequence number one or the number one will be represent the positive sequence and number two will represent the negative sequence. So, every term is definitive, it should be able to be identified as to what it is, and where it is in the scheme of things. I also tried to use color so that it was separate one from the other. And in this case, I'm separating out phases.

Not only just with the letter but with color, but it's not always I don't always use color, but I try to use it where it makes sense. Before getting into the in depth theory of what symmetrical components are, I spend a bit of time in looking at where a symmetrical components may come from or asymmetrical currents in in a couple of cases that I've demonstrated and this is one of them that they would occur during fault conditions where you have two phases supposedly shorted together and one phase not included. So, you get an unbalance of the A B and C phase currents something like this. And we then proceed to do the analysis of how do you how do you break this apart into the symmetrical components and then analyze the situation in an easier fashion. The three symmetrical components are now studied the positive negative and zero sequences, their magnitudes, their direction, the phase angle separating them, the fact that they are balanced and what is the degree of separation of them and certainly there sequence of arrival as the phaser rotates in a counterclockwise rotation in this case and all of the parameters that are attributed to the positive negative in zero sequence are set before proceeding with Okay, how do you develop them or do they come from and how do you work with them.

Next one of the handiest tools in working with symmetrical components, the operator is described and it is studied in its various forms in what it does to the rotating phaser or vector. Then the various formulas are looked at as to how they relate to the phaser or vector because they are used in the development of symmetrical, symmetrical component Study. So all of the various ways that the this a operator are used, are studied and looked at before proceeding to the next step. And the next step is to look at, okay, we have balanced conditions in the way of sequential components. So we have the opportunity to really describe the phases of the various components in terms of the other phase. It sounds a little bit complex, but it's not really you start out with like we have here the positive phase sequence, and you can describe because it's a balanced system, the other two phases in terms of the a phase in using the A operator to Do this description.

And this becomes very handy in when we start to develop our equations in symmetrical components. Once we have developed that process, we have a method now and we did that in the course we develop these symmetrical combo component conversions, where we can take asymmetrical quantities and convert them to the symmetrical components and we can take symmetrical components and convert them back to their real values. And we do this by the use of these equations and we develop these equations in in the course. Once we discover how to convert back and forth into and out of symmetrical components then we will Look at several problems and their solutions using symmetric components. These are used to really try to cement the ideas in your head after going through the lengthy process of developing the theory. In the process of looking at these at these problems and solutions, I tried to use very, very specific type the phasers and vectors I tried to use graphics in a clear concise manner, so that you can see where even the graphical appearance of using symmetrical components works as well as the analytical way of using symmetrical components.

And basically that is the course as I said it's about one to one and a half hours depending on how long you take to go through it. If you don't make any Along the way, it's going to be somewhere around an hour. If you stop and do some thinking or backing up and going forward, it will take you a little bit longer. But overall it's about 60 minutes