And here we are with passage two of the reading comprehension section. And we're going to cover two passages. This is the second one. And you'll see what I'm talking about pretty much right away. I have it here available as a PDF. So you can mark it up a little bit.

I will be doing that as well. Let me get my pen ready here. But you'll see what I'm talking about when you take a look at this passage. We had passage one before it was an excerpt from a book from over 100 years ago, very artsy, interpretive in a way where you have to read between the lines and come up with some connotations, right, some secondary bits. What are they talking about? What is the tone?

What are they referring to kind of an artsy, not necessarily direct manner, it would be difficult for you to come up with a passage that's more of an opposite style than this one. And use your PDF and follow along Because this one here is totally different. You have a passage from Ed young turtle use the Earth's magnetic field as a global GPS from 2011. So it's much more recent. And let's cover the first two paragraphs just so that we can see what we're dealing with and why I'm telling you what I'm telling you and that this is radically different. It's why I picked it is the polar opposite of what we had before.

In 1996, a loggerhead turtle called out elita swam across 9000 miles from Mexico to Japan crossing the entire Pacific on her way. Wallace J. Nichols tracks this epic journey with a satellite 10 but I believe to herself had no such technology at her disposal. How did she steer a route across two oceans to find her destination? Nathan Putnam has the answer. By testing halfling turtles in a special tank he has found that they can use the Earth's magnet netic field as their own Global Positioning System, GPS. By sensing the field, they can work out both their latitude and longitude and head in the right direction.

So, again, I don't know about you, but it would be it would be tough. I'd have to really search to try to find something more polar opposite than this for contrast to the Ethan frome passage that we did previously. So when you take a look, a couple of things real quick key points in this passage tract, I put a line under that and Earth's magnetic field right what is interesting I'm is reasonably interesting science passage. Remember, they're going to be a varying different style of passage, various different styles of passages you've got here. You've got your, what do you call it your chart, a little graph. got those two things.

So this, remember This counts as two different things. This is to separate bits within reading comprehension passage to the passage itself. And also, you have on the chart, loggerheads tested in magnetic fields, right? The orientation of hatchling loggerheads tested in magnetic fields. That's the what we've got here. So you have a science passage, very direct.

There isn't much nuance here. This is not literature. This is something that is more science based and therefore much more. Let's just say logical I guess, because it's dealing in a science genre. So we'll take a look at the questions real quick each one and then we'll handle them one at a time do we have the passage This is number five most strongly suggests that at elite they used which of the following to navigate her 9000 mile journey on Number six, which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? This is your essay t style that I want you to see where one question carries more weight.

You're going to need more focus and time on number five because you need number five, in order to answer number six correctly. That's how the new SAP works. Question seven as used in line three tract most nearly means and they give you some choices. Number eight, the author refers to read warblers and sparrows in line 53 primarily to do what that's so seven you saw his vocab and context. Number eight is an actual reference to a line, short phrase. And then number nine, it can reasonably infer be inferred from the passage and graphic.

See, there's the graphic I told you from the passage in the rafic that if scientists adjusted the coils to reverse the magnetic field, simulating that, in the East Atlantic Cape Verde Islands, the hatchlings would most likely swim in which direction. So that one asks you to be able to read the graph to read the chart. And that's how these questions are made. So if you're going to not read the class, the passage if you if time is a problem, if it's troubling you or you want to go at this in a way that is different, I would go through if you're going to do questions First, I would go probably to questions seven, eight and nine in that order. If I were going to do the method where I'm not necessarily going to read the whole passage from beginning to end, I'm neither going to scan it or ignore it, and go right to questions that show me where to look.

Seven, eight, and nine in that Order is how I would play it. Because that's where you're going to get a feel for what the passage is about just by default just by actually going through those three questions. And you also get your chart slash graph question out of the way. So here we have number five, the passage most strongly suggests, right, so we're going to go through them, I might add, we're going to just go through them numerically. And the analysis and style for each one can be done regardless of how you're going to do it. Because the methods answer is pretty close.

So number five, the passage most strongly suggest that I like to use the which of the following to navigate her 9000 mile journey. So key word in here, you're going to see we have strongly suggests that's written that way on purpose. So is it the current is it queues and this is what I'd like you to do on your own. Page is it the inclination and intensity of the magnetic field or a simulated magnetic signature. So here, notice it says at Lita, the turtle that was in the ocean and swam from point A to point B on the globe that gets rid of D. Because it's not going to be anything simulated, it's going to be something real. If it is also on the earth isn't going to be coils, because it is the thing that is it's the turtle that is traveling in the world.

So you're down to a the currents of the North Atlantic gyre, or the inclination intensity of the Earth's magnetic field, which it mentioned the magnetic field as the guide early on in the passage. So you've gotten rid of B and D right away, and you can then choose between A and C and C comes out ahead makes it quite a bit Easier actually for you to handle when they do it that way. Alright, let's continue. Number six, which choice and we'll do six and six. Let's see, we did five, let's do six. I'm gonna try to maybe get them on the same screen.

Let's do it this way too. So we can see both because six is one of these duel questions where five, which we looked at, well, here we have six, which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? Well, the previous question, answer was the inclination and intensity of the magnetic field, which you talked about pretty clearly. As a matter of fact, on your sheet, lines six through seven, a loggerhead turtle was able to steer a route across two oceans to find your destination. And then towards the end, actually, Earth's magnetic field is online 6160 to work out their position using two features of the Earth's magnetic field that change over At surface, so dimension is in a few different ways. So they're asking you, which one provides the best evidence to the previous question.

And if you take a look at 7273 and 61 to 63, and line six and seven, there's a bunch of different things talking about it, line 70 through 73 says, together inclination and intensity provide a magnetic field. Um, actually, it says magnetic signature as we look back at it, underline that because that's key because it asks for the best answer. So let's go back it says 70 through 73. Together inclination and intensity. Those two things provide a quote magnetic signature that tells the turtle where it is. So that's the best answer for this question, choice D. The other ones ones aren't quite there, okay, but they're not great, right?

Choice A establishes this 9000 mile journey, but it doesn't say how B doesn't really work because that it talks about mimicking the magnetic field that different parts of the earth serve. So it's it's interpreting and mimicking it. It's copying it. And see doesn't work because the author shows that the loggerhead turtles in the wild may make use of landmarks, but doesn't indicate that at elite to use such landmarks on a journey. So D is clearly the best one. And that's the key part in this question, because you have here that's underlined real quick, the best evidence, notice it doesn't say the only evidence.

So keep these things in mind when you're going through the exam. And you don't get flustered or frustrated because you're thinking oh, I have to find the one That is the one and they're not asking for that they're asking which one is the best. Okay, so here we have now a vocabulary in context. This one is line three where it says tract. And if you'll notice it, we'll take a quick look at see what it says online. Back to the passage, go back to your passage as well.

It says and we looked at it remember when he read aloud Wallace J. Nichols tracked this epic journey with a satellite tag, so they want one which is, which is a most nearly means. And the best one is followed, tracked and followed are going to be similar. It's the closest one for sure. And remember, it says most nearly so searched for traveled over, hunted, right? I mean, it's there's no hunting going on here. Even traveled over or searched for.

Don't quiet If you can substitute the word tract, you take this word in the passage, and you replace it with what they've given you. If If you want to be totally sure, that's one way to do it, and followed naturally works best. Right? So let's do the last two, eight and nine. So we've got eight here, referring to read warblers and sparrows. And if you look at the passage, take out your PDF in the top right hand side column two, it refers to read warblers and sparrows in that line.

So the question is, the author refers to it. Why? Right, the author refers to read or read warblers and sparrows, and it helps to know that those are both birds. So it's a passage on turtles and it saying, Why are they talking about burbs So I do this with these kinds of questions, because it helps a lot. And when you see this, it makes it a lot easier. Ah, contrast right to provide something different.

Provide examples, right? So notice the difference, a contrast is an opposite, right? A contrast is going to be something that's talking talking about something that might be 180 degrees different suggest. So, providing examples is different than contrast. And now we have suggest a suggestion is certainly different in meaning, and then illustrate illustrating some ways, is going to be most similar to B. So this is kind of like the test technique that I like to show students, right you have D and D, provide examples and illustrate some ways.

Those are pretty close. Suggesting contrast the turtles migration patterns with other species well Do something different. And if it's not, then it doesn't work, then it's not a contrast. And if you take a look at your PDF, it says in line 53 before now we knew that several animal migrants from loggerheads to read warblers and sparrows had some way of working on longitude. But no one knew how. So they do the same thing.

So it's not a contrast. It's also not a suggestion, because it's saying that we know they do this. So it's not suggesting anything. That's why the first word of each of these oftentimes, is a big, big plus. Right? When you take a look at these, you can eliminate a and c right away.

So now you have the two you're down to two. And think about that. Getting it down to two choices is pretty cool. It makes things a lot easier and your odds of answering correctly go way up. I mean, hopefully you don't have to guess but if you do cheers better to guests. Between two, then have to guess between four.

So you're down to B and D. D says provide examples of species that share one of the loggerhead turtles abilities. Okay, well, it sure does sound like that. Let's look at D illustrate some ways in which the ability to navigate long distances can help a species. Well, this point at the end of D is too much. It doesn't go straight away, it can help. It just mentions it as well.

It mentions it as an example. And so a is choice B is the best one. And you can see that it's the case there, and it's the clearest and best answer. So let's go then to nine last one of the section. And last reading comprehension question for us in this tutorial, it can reasonably be inferred. And right away, I want you to pay attention to language, it can reasonably be inferred from the passage and the graphic that scientists adjusted that if scientists adjusted the coils to reverse the magnetic field simulating that, in the East Atlantic Cape Verde Islands, the hatchlings would most likely swim in which direction and you've got Northwest, northeast, southeast, and southwest.

So, it has things here where you're going to be looking at the way in which the chart is made. Alright, so let's take a quick peek at it. So you have here on the chart, lower right hand side. The orientation of hatchlings hatching loggerheads tested in magnetic fields. So if you'll notice, you have here this pointing north east and this one is pointing south west. So here's the one on the left is that The West Atlantic and the one on the right is the East Atlantic.

Okay, so let's take let's go back to our question. And it helps if you have the question sheet and the passage in your possession because it makes it easier to see. So if you can notice it says reasonably be in for a very careful with their language on this one because they want you to make sure that you're directly looking at what they want. Let's get to our writing tool. So reasonably being furred meaning that it should not be a stretch, it should be something that is pretty, I should say, standard. You don't have to go through a whole explanation to get to your answer.

So the one on the right, if you reverse, the East Atlantic one, the hatchling would most likely swim in which direction So, choice A, you have choice A, B, C and D, and you have the Cape Verde Islands, the one on the right, if you reverse it, and if you'll notice they're traveling to the southwest. So basically, what you're looking at is the opposite. It would have to be northeast. Now, I think this is pretty standard. I think this one is pretty easy that the exam, people see this as a hard question. Um, and if you'll notice, it, it, it you're just going the opposite of the direction.

The because it says here in the passage right in the large water tank, let's go to line 17 through 19. And it says the passage notes that loman who studied these things in a large water tank surrounded by large grid of electromagnetic coils, capable of manipulating the magnetic field or magnetic field around the turtles discovered that the handling would start and then it continued lines 2022 swimming in the opposite direction when he reversed the direction. So if you look at line 17 1917 through 1920 through 22, it tells you exactly that they would go in opposite direction. So it's really just a matter of going to the chart and looking at the direction of the Cape Verde section of the chart and making it the opposite. So from southwest to northeast, pretty standard stuff. Basic interpretation, nothing too fancy, nothing too complex.

And it makes it choice B, B, and next choice B, the best one, and it can be reasonably inferred that that's your answer. So that's the quote. Those are the questions for the reading comprehension. quick overview. Again, if you want to you can go through this again. I think it might be helpful to have the paperwork with you if you don't if you haven't already printed it, but this gives you a good overview.

These two videos of what You're going to see in the reading comprehension, what styles of writing, what styles of questions, how it's going to sound and what you have ahead of you as a test taker. All right, we'll also do in a minute if you'd like you can go forward and handle the writing section as well. All right, talk to you guys in a bit. See you with the next class.