Okay, everybody, let's take a look at the next passage passage two of the two passage tutorial we're looking at for the writing and language test. And remember the writing and language test is really you as the editor, they're giving you passages 400 450 words. And your job is to edit those passages in the parts they tell you to edit, and either keep them the way they are, if that is the best way to do it. If you'll notice on the right hand side here, no change is an option. So if it's written the way it should be, you leave it and if there are things that need to be fixed, be they with comprehension, rhetorical style, grammar and mechanics. You change it that way.

And they're going to mix it up. They're going to mix up things to keep you on your toes. This passage has chart as well. So you'll see as we get further along this one is questions six through 12. And it's got a chart at the end. And that one is going to be, as you can pretty much guess it's going to be part of the question process.

They want you to look at the chart and understand it. So this one here is a life in traffic, which has its own bit of humor connected to it. Spending a life in traffic is kind of funny if you think about it. But of course, it's a turn of phrase. It's a little bit of a bit of wordplay there because it's a passage on a bike sharing program. So a way to get rid of traffic is to have people use bicycles.

And that's really what they're doing. The topic isn't necessarily a big part of it, but you should be aware of what it is so that you can figure out again, the tone and tenor of the passage, because it's talking about your overall view of having less traffic by having people get encouraged, as you see here at the beginning of the passage to use non motorized transportation, which is a fancy way of saying a bicycle. So, um, you've got a bunch of things to consider when you're able to understand what they're talking about. And you can also recognize if you understand the topic, even in a general sense, when things are brought up that get in the way, and they flag them, you can correctly say they need to be gotten rid of. So let's take a look at what we have here a life in traffic a subway system, this is the beginning of the passage now.

A subway system is expanded to provide service to a growing subber a bike sharing program is adopted to encourage non motorized transportation. To alleviate rush hour jams in a congested downtown area stoplight timing is coordinated They give you three sentences in a row. And each one is talking about making there be less traffic. So what they're looking at is which choice maintains eight the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph. So the key word there is pattern. And so here you have the sentence pattern.

And you have a bunch of choices, you've got to keep it the same, or B, C, and D. So a subway system is expanded. Notice the pattern. A bike sharing program is adopted. Now, if you'll notice, each one begins with some thing. In other words, you have it starts with a now a person, place thing in this idea of getting less traffic through a subway system, right, fewer cars on the road. subway system accomplishes that.

A bike sharing program can accomplish that. Then it switches to alleviate rush hour jams in a congested area. stoplight timing is coordinated. So you want to begin the sentence with this and sure enough, choice C fits the pattern. A subway system is expanded, a bike sharing program is adopted. stoplight timing is coordinated.

Notice the pattern is consistent. And that's why C is the best. And so you take a look at the basic sentence structure subject, first noun first, and then the verb and that's how things work out consistently here. Let's continue to number seven. The work of transportation planners generally includes effective Waiting current transportation needs assessing the effectiveness of existing facilities and improving these facilities or they design new ones. So they have they design underlined, I want to show you something that is an easy way to check this out.

So, as you go down the list, right, so they design to design, designing and design for number seven, well look at the passage. You have a couple of things going on here evaluating, right, what does it include includes evaluating needs, assessing the effectiveness, improving facilities and in terms of being parallel and consistent, not they design but designing. I want you to write parallelism on your sheet right around here, because this is one That will come up and I'm saying that very confidently it will come up where you have parallelism in the passage. So designing is your best choice and you can see how it fits perfectly. Number eight let's see we've got most transportation planners work in or near cities, but some are employed in rural areas Say for example, a large factories built on the outskirts of a small town. traffic to and from that location would increase at the beginning and the end of work shifts.

The transportation planners job might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory. So here you have an take a look at what they're testing. You have planners job, for a planners job, for beat, planners, job proceed, and planners job for D. Well, if you read it out loud like that, it really doesn't There's no change, but what you're looking at is they have an apostrophe for A and B, no apostrophe for C, D. So you're looking to see which one is correct on that front, and then you have a comma in a in a comma and C, and no comma for the others. So here you've got the sentence. The transportation planners job might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory.

All right, let's say you're not sure about what or where the comma would go. The planners job is going to be the possessive apostrophe. So you have the possessive part of this. already under control. It's the planners job. It is his or Her job.

So possessive apostrophes are going to be there, it's going to be needed. For the planners job. It's not a contraction. It's not planner is it's the transportation planners job. He or she has the job. So you're getting rid of C and D, just based on that.

So now you're choosing between two which one is, right? which one is the best one? Does it need a comma or not? And so if you put the comma in there, the transportation planners job, comma might involve conducting a traffic cop to determine the number of vehicles traveling on the right. If you go through, you don't need a comma there. There's no pause.

There's no it's not a phrase, the transportation planners job might involve conducting something. There's no need for a comma, therefore B is the right answer. So when you go through it does there need to be a pause here? Is there a phrase that's being separated independent or dependent is or anything like that. And the answer here is no. So eight B is your best answer.

So take a look at that one carefully. Alright, let's continue here. Let me move the paperwork up. Alright, so we're at question number nine. Here we have a new paragraph. transportation planners work closely with a number of community stakeholders such as government officials and other interested organizations and individuals.

Okay, fair enough. Next, comma, representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trails and sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Right? Remember the topic is less traffic the life in traffic so let's not spend our lives in traffic. Let's do other things like walking or biking or taking the subway, something like that. So what they're testing you on here is the transition word.

Take a look next. So when you look at Here you have next. On the other side you have, for instance, furthermore, similarly, or the original, which is next. So they are talking about the planners working closely with community stakeholders. And then it says, and the transition word representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trails. Well, that's giving an example.

That's actually providing something. For instance, representatives from the local health department might provide. So the other ones work. Furthermore, sort of works. This isn't a list of things in chronological order. So next is out.

Similarly, well, there aren't two sides to the sentence that are equal, right? There's no equal sign there. It's not an end. It's a transition. So you have here What transitional phrase is better, for instance, or furthermore? Well furthermore would be if it's the same topic repeated in a different way, which it isn't.

So for instance, is the example that it provides for number nine, B. All right, let's take a look at the next one here, number 10. And I'll move the sheet over so we can see it. Right, so now we get a little bit more complexity with this. Number 10. Next, we have According to the American Heart Association, walking provides numerous benefits related to health and well being.

Question number 10, a little bit of a break there. And here we have a different style of question where notice what it says the writer is continuing considering deleting the underlying underlying sentence should the sentence be kept or deleted. So if you'll notice we're talking about traffic and making less of it. The next sentence is According to the American Heart Association, walking provides numerous benefits related to health and well being members of the Chamber of Commerce might share suggestions about designing transportation and parking facilities to support local businesses. So you have here in number 10, you have a sentence that is, if you'll notice, and this is what I was talking about at the beginning, it shows up out of nowhere where it talks about the Heart Association and walking and the health benefits that are connected to it. And that does not have anything necessarily to do with what the passage is talking about.

So you should understand that it's going to be a and b are then out because it should not be kept. Because it is talking about what we're talking about in the passage. Sorry about traffic not talking about benefits. It goes off topic. So when you look at the choices C and D for delete, blurs the paragraphs, paragraphs focus on the question. stakeholders, or deleted because it does provide specific examples of what the numerous benefits of walking are well D is actually worse because if it goes off on to the benefits of walking, it completely veers off topic, and it makes see the best one.

So let's take a look at the last two questions. We have number 11, and 12. And we'll take a look at this over here. Let me move the page over so we can see it. We have here a new paragraph and we're taking a look at it now. Where we have people who pursue pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds, but to your degree in transportation technology may be sufficient for some entry level jobs and fields.

So here you have choices as to what you have in terms of punctuation people comma for B. People who pursue careers, comma in transportation, and then D people who pursue careers in transportation planning. comma, have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. And what they're asking is which one is the best place to put the comma? And if you'll notice, the first one doesn't have a comma at all. And so when you see here, you have a section are you looking at clauses or phrases?

What are you going to do? Are you going to need to divine or you can need to divide the sentence with a comma anywhere. And so what you see is you don't need it at all you have essential information who those people are. People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. And so a becomes the best answer where you don't need to change it at all. You don't need to put in commas it should sound weird.

Number choice B and C. People who pursue careers comma and transportation people and then here you have a comma divided In the sentence further into clauses, or a phrase that you don't need, so A is the best one with no comma at all. Last question, you have question 12 and it is the one that's dealing with the chart. So you have here as of 2010, there were approximately 40,000 Urban and Regional planners employed in the US. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts a steady job growth in the field, projecting that 16% of new jobs in all occupations will be related to Urban and Regional Planning. Okay, which choice number 12? I'm looking at completes the sentence with accurate data based on the graph.

So they want data from the graph here in your answer. So a says no change projecting that 16% of new jobs in all applications, occupations will be related to Urban and Regional Planning. B says warning however, the job growth and urban Regional Planning will slow to 14% by 2020. c predicted unemployment of urban and regional planners will increase 60% between 2010 and 2020. Okay, and then you have here d indicating that 14 to 80% of Urban and Regional Planning positions will remain unfilled. And so they're asking which one is data based on the graph, it has to be accurate from the graph. So, look at B.

A, the data in the graph doesn't support the claim that job growth in Urban and Regional Planning will slow to 14% doesn't seem to have that at all. And notice the three columns social Scientists relate to workers, urban regional planners. That's your that's the one to look at. Right? So what you've got is this one here, Urban and Regional planners, this is your focus. So we have here B is out.

Also D, the graph doesn't support the claim that 14 to 8% of Urban and Regional Planning positions will remain on filled. I don't know how you get that. So B and D are out right away. So here you have 16% as a key part with this, because here, you look at it at 16%. And they want accurate data from the chart. Well, this thing says projecting that 16% of new jobs in all application all occupations, well, that's at 14.

So your answer then becomes C because the chart clearly says that it predicts that an employment of urban and regional planners will increase 16% between 2010 and 2020. So, here you've got an increase in jobs, which is another bit of evidence, you know, slow down and be unfilled in D. Oh, that makes sense. So you have to again, choose between two. And if you're careful, Urban and Regional planners is here in C. Whereas here new jobs in all applications makes this one choice a wrong. And that's why number 12 is C. So take notes. Look at the style of questions.

The style of questions we've seen, here are the style of question you're going to get on the LSAT. It's going to be the same style of question. So study them carefully. You'll get a good grasp of what you've got coming, and then you'll score well. Congratulations on finishing the tutorial. And I'll see you Next time