Hi friends and welcome to this practical sections of Irish ear which means Red Hat Enterprise Linux, myself, Francis Rostow and I will be your guide for this practical section where we're going to learn and practice all the Linux commands as well as graphical utilities. So watch carefully, especially for preparing for Red Hat certifications. So without wasting time, let's start here. In this video, I'm going to have practice the lock how to logging into Linux systems, some basic commands like su pseudos ID and then we will go into discuss about text editors which are available in our jail. So let's start. So to switch From your graphical mode to your command line mode, just press control that Alt key and function f3 here it is our Virtual Console.

Actually there are two logon screens in it true one is virtual console and other one is graphical login. This one is Virtual Console. To switch from graphical mode to this virtual console mode, just press Control plus all plus function is f three. In other words, so it may be different instead of f3. There may be f1 or f2 f3 is of course f4 f5 f6 f6. Okay to come back to our command line mode Just press ctrl alt f7 so this is all about login screens which are available in Arusha.

So let's start another topic that is commands like Su, or sudo commands or IDs. Before jumping into that portion, I will discuss one more thing that is how to change your password. So just open your terminal in application section, and here is terminal, this click or it, wait for a while and your terminal will going to be open. Yes, this dollar means that you are not a root user. Okay? To become a root user, you have to right S which means super user, this hit the enter button and write your password after entering your password actually I had written a wrong password.

Let me check. In this case, we have successfully successfully became a root user as you can see, instead of dollar symbol, there is a pound symbol or we can call hash and but here This ensures that now we will become a super user, a super user some who have close space Administrative power which means it has a complete control over the systems. Okay? Do not log into root unless you are required or necessary. Okay. And another command which I want to discuss is sudo command.

Yeah, one more thing that is left that How to Change Password. So to change your password just right. Wait for Yeah, I'm going to change the password of this not root user, not our root user, okay? So just write, pass and then WD. In short password, yeah, it will ask you current password. And after dead you have to write your new password.

So I'm going to write my this current password. No, it is no asking for new password. Yeah, there are some conditions that the password must not be a sequence like if I just write 1234567890 it will say a bank password because it is similar to the my old one. Or if I will write just any name. See what the past row contains the user name in some form, it's showing a bad password. Or if I will just write a one plus one equal to two.

Suppose this password is shorter than seven characters and after trying for changing your password a new password after trying three times it will show at you have exhausted maximum numbers or requests for service. So the now you cannot change your password you have to try again that pass wt command to change your password. So let me change my password. Again I have to write long password. Now you have to write a new password. And again if you have to write a password by mistake you have written wrong thing.

Yeah, not all authentications tokens are updated successfully. So in this way, you can change your password. One more thing and that is a command that is sudo command for sudo command is that if you want to run any command forcefully just you have to write sudo command. Suppose if I want to write to to date actually this date count is used for showing dates. To open this date, you have to enter the password for her that is non root user and after writing this password then it will show you the date otherwise it will not show you because it should it is deploying this date command forcefully and to execute this command forcefully as your return sudo is asking for a password. I just am going to write password for shirt.

I had written wrong password that old password let me write a new Post which I changed right now. Yeah, that was not actually I hit it again wrong posted there, sir shrink this. Otherwise if you write just date, it shows a date. But if you return sudo date, it will ask for a password as my password so much long. That's what's going wrong error here. Let me leave this.

Another command which I'm going to discuss that is it as Id Sue's infos of current user, as the current user is Praha. That is not root user. And now I'm going to change into our root point. And again, I'm going to right ID issue not showing route. Firstly, for sure For that, that is our non root user. And after applying this again as you come on that super user come on and add it and password here, which is not showing here and then I retain this Id come on now, the current user of this genius to root user and yeah, so this is all about the commands which I discuss firstly as you which will have which will convert into our super user.

Then comes sudo command, which is to execute any command forcefully. Then comes ID which will show you current user name. Now, the next thing which I'm going to discuss is text editors actually in RL shell, therefore, types of text editors like was Tony's nano nano which is simple Text Editor a very simple then comes from C editor and short get it GED it which is also simple text editor but graphical. Then comes vim and JVM D Of course it means graphical, this vim as an advanced full featured editor. Okay, so in this pilot I'm going to have first to show you how our nano testitude look likes in others videos and we'll discuss this when current GVM and this I am going to discuss nano deciliters as well as G editor. Let me show you for you firstly you have to write no any and oh Enders hit that enter button.

Yeah this is a Seoul based tax return not a graphical one. So there are some guidelines to use this nano text editor like you, if you want help just press Ctrl Z it will show Help button help dialog box comes here. To exit from here just press Ctrl C. And to save the content which you will go into right here, this year for write control plus or in Windows and the notepad, we have to save our content of notepad we just press Ctrl plus s which means to save our content. In this nano text editor you have to press Ctrl plus go to save and for justify Ctrl plus j for read files control plus R and this read file Just if you want to read another file, another text file into this editor you have to press is just similar to open function which is in Notepad.

Okay. And this various is like, find, like you can search this you have let me show you all all of this especially I'm good, right anything like I am so close. Okay, now, I want to save this fight, as I told you before to save this file you have to press Ctrl N oh nine to ask a name to write to. Actually it is not any files created right now. So, when you save this file, it will of course, ask a name to save a file. I'm just writing a, b c dot d And press a button.

And this way I had saved this content into our new file ABC dot txt and just press Ctrl x, we call it z and to open that ABC dot txt now, instead of writing simply nano, just you have right you finally here, press enter, that file is open now. Now if we want to search a word and suppose Okay, just press Ctrl plus W, and just write and showing up here. And similarly, in Notepad, if you want to end copy, you just press Ctrl C, or and for paste operation you just press Ctrl plus V in this case case you have to press Control plus key control press key and control plus you you actually control this case not a copy one it is two for cut operation, okay. So this are all the operations which I have shown you right now, there are guidelines president portrait of this tax return, you can try each of them, okay.

Again, I'm going to press control all to save this content. The point is ABC dot txt, okay, and your sixth okay Ctrl X to exit from there. So this is all about and then return which is a very simple return with a lot of operations to be performed by using a combination of keys. No Going to have our graphical mode, our G data, which everyone loves. Because in graphical, there's no headache of the combinations of keys like in nanometers. This right G. Get it?

Surely, yes. This is a graphical text editor. In short, z edit means vi editor. Okay. graphical editor. open a file from here any file like other documents actually is no fun right now.

This is files. No files is there right now. Yeah, this file I had created right now, using that nano editor. Just press it Yeah. This is our Last file which we had created by using nano text editor okay. In this way there is no header of any combinations is Ctrl x, it will cut this operation Ctrl V to paste Ctrl C to copy and again Ctrl V to paste is very easy just similar to notepad and to save Ctrl S, the file is saved now, do some editing again history which means that your file is not saved and press again controllers that starts vanish.

This means you find is no sale and just hit this pause button and you're out of that data. So, it is very easy and simple with limited features. Other editors like which I discuss advanced fully featured editors like vim gfm they are very advanced which I have a lot of functionalities, which I am going to discuss in other part of our series. So this is all about text editor which I discuss how in the login screens, that's a su command sudo command ID command. Just clear this all things are clear it will clear out and press EXIT to close your rate. This exit means it comes out from rookies or don't not go to user again, right exit the terminal is closed now.

And one more command in this policy which I'm going to discuss this right history don't know the list of commands which I had discussed Actually I discuss a lot of commands you can see from I hope from here yes this is all command which I had to scan Now suppose instead of having all the list of commands you want to know your first seven commands in this right like this history seven, it will show like that. So do the date IDs assume this were our This is the number which means that how many previous commands you needed? Not Yes, I just want seven previous commands. That was actually it is history. No, it becomes no history. So 1234567 Okay, they are not wrong.

Seven commands out there. One more thing if you want to have your previous Come on, just press your button. Yeah, and again precede output and so it will automatically takes your previous commands. Instead of pressing up you can press can also press down button, the latest commands for more previous commands press up button. So in this not a very simple thing. So, hope I hope you understand all the commands which I had discussed now.

So keep practicing, keep learning and all the best