Welcome to this first module. The objective of this first module is to name and classify the major types and families of microbes and how they can be distinguished between each other. Let's start with the fungi, which include yeasts and molds. fungi can be large multicellular critters such as mushrooms. Our focus here will be the tinier multicellular or single celled organisms. These hardy microbes live virtually everywhere, including our skin, and our water, in the soil, in our air, and on just about every surface imaginable.

It can also be quite stunning as you can see here, in this image of the slime wall. Many fungi are hydrophilic which means their water level. Moisture Is this a friend Many fungi including many species of moles, as we see on the walls of the moist part of a building. For this reason, we often see mold buildup in bathrooms, basements, and other moist environments. Yeast can also be nutritious as many producing array of nutrients including B vitamins. brewers yeast is a good example of this saccharomyces ser VCA.

One of the best sources of natural B vitamins, and this is why many supplements utilize B vitamins made from yeast. Many years also provide fermentation cultures for baking purposes. Here we see a loaf of sourdough bread. sourdough bread typically uses a mixture of yeast including saccharomyces feces and lack of soI. Normal bread baking yeast will contain saccharomyces feces without any lactobacillus. Other species of yeast can be infected that only when and if they outgrow their normal populations, and oh grow out of colonies and microbes.

All of this will host Candida for example. But should our microbes that normally control and balance Candida as populations become depleted, Candida can become effective and pathogenic. Now for the bacteria. Bacteria are typically considered single celled organisms. They also live virtually everywhere in the air, soil, water and within our bodies. Our skin is also covered with bacteria.

Here pictured is one of the more effective bacteria, you're sending pestis, known for causing bubonic plague and otherwise sepsis. There are numerous types of bacteria differentiated by what they do and how they function. Some of the major types include the proteobacteria, which are Gram negative. The chlamydia is which live within cells, the spiral Keats which are spiral shape, or helical gram positive bacteria, which we'll explain later. cyanobacteria which are plant like in that they produce photosynthesis as plants do. Bacteria are also classified by their shapes and body types.

As you can see from this chart, bacteria can have different arrangements of their flats, and shorter hair like protrusions from your body that helped to propel the bacteria. We might say these flats are like bacterium swimming legs and arms. Some species of bacteria have these slabs of the surrounding environment allowing them to swim in any direction. This is called parent circus. Or you can have flats on each of two sides called and featured this in flagellate are gathered on one side and that to me is called the fog circus when there is only one lone wolf, this is called the knock cutters. The shaping that gemstone also distinguishes the families and species.

The carcasses around your oval bacterium shape But in coxide back to, we're typically combined with other bacteria in groups. These groups can either be a four called SAR connais in tubes called Diplo Cox on the linear fashion called streptococcus, or enlarging less organized groups called staphylococcus. Another type of action is a best selling, which is a more elongated pill type shape. This shape can also be approximated by groups of cut size well called corporate Exelon, for the bacteria shapes includes file shapes called spiral angled shapes called DBS, for longer standing, bent shapes called filamentous. best-selling from bacteria or curved and long game shapes called cruciform that so bacteria can affect our food or water by breathing or food. bacteria have a unique ability to attach themselves onto practically any surface, forming biofilms.

They're received by attaching the cells in there under viruses. These microbes are not alive. They're more like drones and cloning devices which travel around the range of cells and then we see an ambitious Ebola virus. Viruses spread by changing the DNA in a cell, which instructs the cell to replicate the virus. If this makes the cell one of its clones. The Clone cell will then spread the virus through cell division in contact with other cells.

Parasites are another type of these are definitely alive and can be even unicellular single celled, for multiset. In other words, some parasites can get rather long Hearing we'll focus upon the timing of parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, pictured here, anyone's parasites can grow into tremendous lengths. They can also reproduce quickly. Many can reproduce asexually making them nafa dots because it contains both male and female sex. extremophiles are one of the mind for some types of microbes and can survive in extreme conditions. colonies of thermal files as pictured here can live in desert conditions, even boiling water.

Bodies are rare among kitchens, thank you exists, cycle files and another type of external phone. These are hardy microbes that can live within freezing environments. For this reason, we do find microbes in the Arctic and freezers. They typically will move much slower than microbes at normal temperatures but they can still be infected and bacteria and Another type of my colors, and a bacteria are extremely small bacteria typically surrounded by a hard calcium shell with which they protect themselves. Not so bacteria hardy bacteria that often live in soils, they will typically form large groups or swarms and they can travel quite quickly despite there seeming to be like possibly some confused mycobacteria with slime molds, but we know that slime mold is a type of fungi bacterias anatomy is quite simple, and very much like a human or plants. So throughout we find inclusions, which can contain fats or sugars or other things used by the bacteria.

We also find in the middle is a combination of DNA chromosomes that make up the brain, the bacteria. The cell along bacteria is typically made of layers of fats and proteins, providing protection to the organism while allowing certain nutrients that get into the body of the bacterium. Within the wall, we find the cell membrane, a thin collection of proteins and fats that allow nutrients and in excrement and secretions out. On the outside of the wall and membrane we find three different types of hairlike filaments. The first of the familiar which allow bacteria to attach themselves to surfaces or to each other. These are used to form biofilms.

Then we find the pylon singular helix. These are tubes that allow the bacteria to connect with each other and exchange information. You might think of this as a form of wire connected allowing bacteria to exchange things like antibiotic resistance between each other. In other words, when one bacterium figures out how to evade application an antibiotic will then exchange that information with another vector. That exchange takes place in the form of words called a plasmid Which might be compared to one spy exchanging a briefcase for another spy. Then there are the flags.

This diagram shows a single bit as we discussed earlier, there can be many of these swimming appendages of sorts surrounding bacteria. We mentioned earlier the back yard, often classified by whether they're Gram negative, or gram positive. What's this? The terminology comes from the board or from what is called a Gram stain, some bacteria can be effectively stained well. The different slides in the cell wall and membrane director, the gram negative bacteria are having much more complex and hardier outer cell membrane. Native pore in proteins with somewhat of a double wall is resisting more than the gram positive.

Gram positive bacteria Do you have a pretty thick membrane as well, but the membrane is made up of the marker verbal and more regular proteoglycans. These will let in the staining and keep the stain allowing it to be usable outside of staining. The main differences relate to the liquid content number Gram negative bacteria, and the fact that Gram negative bacteria can readily transfer plasmids, which are antibiotic resistant information to other bacteria. This means Gram negative bacteria are more likely to become antibiotic resistant. The yeast cell shows similarity with bacteria cells, but there are also many differences. One of the major differences is the vacuoles which can garner large territory within the cell.

These vacuoles provide a means to collect and process power chemicals that are like little factories. Some simply retain compounds but others contain enzymes which perform major functions. We can see a large vacuole here in the middle, he cells also reproduce differently. Instead of simply dividing, he will typically find bugs which are like tiny embryos which will become adults after they're jettisoned out of the cell body. Here we see about being prepared for departure in a bad scar location with birds are dispatched. Outside of this he cells also contain a nucleus of DNA matter, a brain of sorts, as well as mitochondria, which produce the organisms energy.

Here we see a collection of Haifa hyphae. And these are filamentous elongated yeast cells that are joining either yeast cells form or grouping. These hyphae in some species are what we seen molds and slime. Here's a simplified anatomy of a parasite. You can see it's much more complex than a microbe, as many are multicellular as discussed earlier. Here we see the parasites combination of male and female sex organs in ovary uterus, numerous testes but also find that the neck of the critter, frail, This is a folders characteristic among parasites that will allow the query to expand itself and grow into a longer organism.