All right, well, welcome to understanding voltage, current and resistance. Right now in this portion of the course we're going to talk about AC current and DC current. So let's go to the next slide and see what I mean. This slide here should look familiar. This was presented in my electronic basics course. And by the way, if you haven't taken it, I suggest that you go back and you take that it's free.

It's the one of the free courses that I've created. So this will give you a good background on electron flow plus a brief history. We have electronics, and again, it's free. But on this caught copper atom here, if you remember, and if you didn't see that there's a single valence electron in the outer shell of the copper atom. Okay, this valance electron is very, very easily liberated. And they say here into the conduction band, well the conduction band happens to be the conductor that connects to the voltage source.

This is the electrons that flow. These are the electrons that create current. So let's go on to the next slides. And we're going to talk about AC current and DC current. This slide should look somewhat familiar. If you look at the waveform here, doesn't that look very similar to a AC voltage waveform?

The only thing different right now is we're talking about current and current measured in hampers were up, voltage was measured in volts. So I'm defining, basically I'm defining this as one ampere volts AC RMS, it's 60 hertz. If I want the peak current peak current equals 1.414 times RMS, peak to peak current equals 2.828 RMS or two times peak and the rms current equals point seven times the peak current. So we're looking at the same thing as voltage. Same thing we have rms current, peak current peak, the peak current and the conversion factor and how we found the RMS voltage and the RMS the RMS voltage And peak voltage and so forth. The numbers that we use to convert this are the same as you can see right here.

Okay, so let's move on to the next slide here. Okay on this slide here we have an RMS voltage of 12 volts AC. peak current equals 1.414 times RMS, peak to peak current equals 2.8 to eight times RMS or two times peak and rms current current equals point 707 times peak current. Okay, we looked at this in the previous slide, our formula was the same equals i times R where he is what is voltage is what? Current and our is what resistance. Okay, so what do we want to find?

We want to find current. So it's going to be 12 volts. We use this formula here, I equals e over R. So it's 12 volts AC divided by 12 ohms. And my rms current, my AC rms current is 1am. He is the wave form. All right, there it is.

I'm, I'm over going it. Okay. And remember, this is an AC circuit. So what I'm trying to show you here is current flows in both directions. This is what these arrows are. So from here, to here, we flow This way, and from here to here, we flow that way.

So current is, is reversing directions. 60 times a second is the cycle. But current reverses directions, every hundred and 20 cycles are two times per cycle. What do I mean? Let's clear this off. Let's make sure you understand this.

Okay, if this is if this is 60 cycle or 60 hertz, I have 60 of these from here to here. All right, so that's one. This is two over here 1234567 and so forth till I get up to 60. Okay. All right. But current reverses twice or two times per cycle.

So in this direction it's going positive. Or let's say it's going this way. And on the negative half of the way from from here to here, we're going this way. So current on an AC circuit enough I'm using my standard house current, a house voltage, current will reverse directions 120 times in one second. And why do I emphasize this? Well, when we talk about rectifiers, half half wave rectifier is full wave rectifier is bridge rectifier.

As we'll see, the filtering mechanism depends upon the current flow and how many times I change directions and so forth. But that's, that's, that's father down. So just to capsulize this, all right, we've got in this circuit here we've got one amp at one amp RMS at 12 volts AC divided by 12 ohms. We know that it's an AC circuit current will, will change directions, in this case, 120 times per second. And these are my conversions. Again, we've talked about that in the previous slide, but I'm showing you here again.

Alright, let's stop and let's look at the other slide. All right on this on this slide here, one of the things that I want to mention is okay, I just shown you we know that we've got what from the previous slide, we've got one amp of AC current flowing. I show you my voltage waveform Right there, and there's my current waveform. The point I'm trying to make is they're identical now the, the amplitude or the magnitude of it. In other words, depending on the scale that I have on my displaying device may or may not be the same scale, but the peaks on both ends. They're in step with each other.

All right? They're in phase like I show you down here and I'm going to clean this slide off and circle that again, but they're in phase. So when I have a resistive circuit, like I have here, current and voltage are in phase are in step. They rise and fall at the exam. Same time they're in phase. Let me clear the slide off.

And let me make sure that I circle that is that is very important for you to know. And the reason it's very important for you to know is that when we get into circuit analysis with both AC components being capacitors inductors, you're going to see that that is not the case. All right, but when I have voltage and current in a resistive circuit, it is in phase. All righty. All right, now we're going to do some DC current. Again, we've we've gone through this in my base, electronic basic course that that's free, and we're going to review it here.

I suggest that you get that and go through it. Once again. That's free, no charge to you. So let's look at this here we're talking about DC current. And we've got a lamp resistance of 10 ohms and my battery voltage is 20 volts. And we want to find I which is I represents current.

So let's go to the next one. Here we will use ohms lar, E divided by IR or voltage divided by resistance equals I we know is current. 20 volts divided by 10 ohms equals two amps. I have current flow from the negative terminal of the battery through my tank 10 ohm resistor through this switch down into the positive terminal of the battery we know that we're working with DC voltage, our direct current, current only flows in one direction, where in AC current, it alternates every cycle, it reverses direction. Okay, let's do one more, we're going to find I. And we know that our lamp resistance is 20 ohms.

And my battery voltage is 20 volts dc, dc direct current. So therefore, electron flow in this example, which is current flow flows from the minus terminal of the battery to the positive terminal of the battery. All right. So, let's go to the next slide, and we'll look at the solution now. Well, we're going to use E divided by r equals I, and we know that E equals voltage are equals reason distance and we're trying to find I which is current. Let's clean the slide and you can see you you're gonna see the answer at the bottom there.

So 20 volts divided by 20 ohms is one amp. So I have one amp a current flowing in this circuit, DC current. Okay on this slide here, we've talking about amps and electrons and all this kind of business. So So what is an AMP? Well, an AMP one amp like I've got here is that many electrons per second flowing through a circuit, or a component component. Okay.

And what I'm trying to show you here, this is a conductor And I know I've got like a little opening. This is just for explanation purposes. But if I have this many electrons 6.25 times 10 to the 18th, which is exha. If all those electrons can flow by that point in the conductor in one second, it's an app. Right? If half of those, let's say, half a 6.25 is what?

Three point approximately 3.1 to five times 10 to the 18th. electrons will have a flow through that, or pass that point in one second. That would be a half an amp. So an ampere is the measurement of the how fast or the rate at which electrons flow a certain point, any point in a conductor or a component, right? That's how many electrons alright let me let me clear the slide and explain this over here, this is just a chart and it gives you what what each is worth. So for instance, kilo is 10 to the third, we use that a lot Mega Millions 10 to the sixth, Giga 10 to the nine Tera 10 to the 12th.

Quite honestly, these here I've never seen in the electronic business even though we put it on there. So primarily we use Mega 10 to the sixth Giga 10 to the ninth and Terra 10 to the 12th. That's just a rough rough explanation. I am planning to do a whole lecture on math for electronics, we'll get into powers of 10, how to divide, multiply, subtract, and so forth. trigonometry, how to measure the phase angles in an AC circuit, calculate the impedance and all that we're going to go into something called what I call math electronics. We'll go into that right now that this is not the place for it.

So look for that. And I just want to erase the screen. And the other thing I want to show you is this other chart here. And this other chart allows you to convert from one unit to another, for instance, amps, two milliamp hours. So we know that one amp equals 1000 milliamp hours, okay? And all you need to do is we move the decimal point three places to the right from here.

All right, so you got 1123 just move with three points. places you'll get 1000 milliamp hours. Okay, if we want to go to milliamps, two amps, we move the decimal point the other way to the left. All right. And again, I'm just showing you just briefly showing you we will get into this when I get into math, electronics, and amps to micro amp ers we go six places to the right. And one amp equals 1000, micro amperes and micro amps, two amps, we go six places to the left, and there's a conversions right there.

All right. If I don't want to take time here and doing that, if you need a little help, give me a call, send me an email, I'll send something back that will expand upon this for you. All right, and if enough people want it, I'll put it up on the on the Udemy. This this course platform for this particular course. Alrighty, just shoot me an email, give me a call. We'll work it out.