Hi, and welcome to Section four lecture one, we are going to meet the muscles that enabled the movements of the leg. As before we will start proximally. So that means the hip movements. In lecture two, you will get to know the muscles around the knee. And in the third lecture we arrive at the muscles of the ankle and toes. Before we start, I would like to reassure you that you will manage, we start with a lot of muscles just for one movement.

But when we get along, you will notice that the muscles in the leg are active in many movements, sometimes being the main mover and sometimes being the assisting one. So with time the amount of new muscles decreases, and you will get confident to manage this section as well as the others. Now we'll get started with the muscles that cause flexion In the hip joint the first two muscles are so as major and iliacus. Most of the time they are mentioned as one elope so us so as major arises from the bodies and transfers processes of the lumbar vertebrae, the insertion is at the lesser trochanter together with iliac is the origin of iliacus, however, is the iliac fossa at the inside of the hip bone. Then we see tensor fasciae latae with its origin at the iliac crest posterior from aces. And after about three inches, the muscle belly of tensor fasciae latae changes into the flat tenderness tissue called tractors.

Ilio tibialis ends at the lateral tibial compile. Then we see satorious starting at asis and curling around the side to end just below the medial tibial comm dial This place is pest and serenus, which means goose foot. Now let's take a look at rectus femoris. This muscle is the only biotic killer muscle of quadriceps. Its origin is right under satorious at eight is the inferior little brother of aces right here. Practice converges with the other three parts of quadriceps to end at the tibial tuberosity via the patella.

This common tendon of quadriceps is also called the patellar ligament. With two muscles to go, we are making progress already. First, we discussed gluteus medius and then gluteus Minimus. gluteus medius arises from the gluteal plain here and inserts at the cranial and lateral side of greater trochanter. It's anterior fibers cause flexion of the hip gluteus medius arises below gluteus medius at the alien right here and inserted right a truck enter. The assisting muscles in flexion of the hip will be discussed later on.

So this was flexion of the hip all together. The extension muscles are shown here. The most important extender is gluteus maximus with its origin right here at the gluteal plane of the hip bone, and the part of sacrum. The upper fibers merge with tractors Elio tibialis, and insert at the lateral tibial kondal. The lower fibers are mono articular, ending at the gluteal tuberosity at the posterior side of the femur. The strength of gluteus maximus is best tested in extending the hip with a flex knee to eliminate the large amount To extending power of the hamstrings.

Let's talk about the hamstrings. This muscle group is made out of three muscles, semi tendinosis, semi member, gnosis and biceps femoris all three are strong extenders and all three are by articular. Their common origin is at the scale tuberosity right here, and then they descend to three different insertions semi tendinosis insert at the inferior part of s and Serena's semi membrane osis at the posterior side of the medial tibial sundial, both are attaching at the medial side. biceps, attaches at the fibular head and is the lateral one of the hamstrings. biceps femoris also has a short head that starts at the posterior side of the femur and joins the long head ending in the same tendon that inserts at kaput formulae All three are active in extending the hip. The consequence of them being by articular will be discussed later on when we talk about the knee.

Gluteus medius is also active in extension and the posterior fibers of adductor magnus, which you will meet when we talk about adopting the hip. So this was already an enormous amount of information. And to humor you, we go on with abduction. abduction is done by six muscles and the first five out of six we discussed already. Number six is piriformis. piriformis abducts the hip only when the hip is flexed.

This deep muscle starts from the posterior side of sacred and attaches at the superior aspect of greater true counter Then the opposite from abduction is add deduction, a deduction. Here you see another six muscles that contribute in adapting the hip. But let's take a moment to refresh and update your knowledge of the pelvic bone. First of all adduction is possible through three adapters, adapter breakers, adductor longus, and adductor magnus. adductor braces starts at the pupil, ramus inferior and inserts at the posterior side of the femur shaft. adductor longus starts at the pubic tubercle and also inserts at the posterior shaft of femur.

Adductor magnus arises from the inferior ramus at the SQL ramus and is scaled tuberosity. It also inserts at the posterior side of the femur shaft, but one string of adaptive mechanisms Hear at the editorial cubicle at the medial side of the femur, above Adecco braveness we will find pectin is originating from ramas superior and ending at again the posterior side of femur. In these two pictures you can see the amount of insertions at the posterior side of femur. The two outer insertions are from the quadriceps and the inner ones are mostly adapters. The last wheel adapter is graceless, a gracious thin string that goes from right up here to the middle part of PES and serenus. The last five is contributing in adduction are the lower fibers of gluteus maximus that insert at the gluteal tuberosity That leaves us with two movements that need to be attended outer and inner rotation.

Internal rotation is made possible by no less than eight muscles. And the good news is we've met all of them before. As a terminal medial hamstrings that are assisting in inner rotation are familiar as well. Outer rotation is enabled through activity of 11 muscles. Yes 11 muscles. But I have good news again, five of them you know already and the other six are acting as one rotator and can be represented by piriformis.

That Captain so to speak, and you met piriformis already. These rotators are one group in their functioning, allying very close together in between the SQL Rami and inserting against the greater truck enter I will show you their names, but not get into every detail about the individual external rotators. Well, this brings us to the end of lecture one, you did a good job. Next in line will be lecture two, where you will learn about the muscles that surround the knee. Thank you for watching this video and I hope to see you again in lecture two