Hi, and welcome back. In the second lecture, we will follow through with exploring the bones of the body. And now we are going to focus on the pelvis and the leg. As before we start proximately that means close to the center of the body at the pelvis. your pelvis is a combination of three bones that have fused together to form the pelvis or the hip bone. The first part is the alien.

You see it here. Beneath that part, you can find the posterior part of the pelvis the scheme. This is where you actually sit on the front part of your pelvis. The pubis has a ramus superior and the ramus inferior If we take a closer look at some details, we find these landmarks like the iliac crest. The crest ends up in the anterior superior iliac spine, the ACS and the anterior inferior iliac spine. At the posterior side we see the posterior superior iliac spine, the pieces.

The actual sitting knobs of the scheme are called the SQL tuberosity. At the lateral part of the pelvis, over here, you see the metabolome which is formed by all three bones ilium Eskin and pubic bone. Both pubic bones are connecting in the pubic symphysis. Normally, this is a very stable connection, a cartilage connection, but when giving birth, it will give way as a result of harm. So the passage through the birth canal is facilitated. The metabolome is part of the actual hip joint, where the head of femur, the upper leg bone connects to the pelvis, which formed the hip joint.

The articulation of coxy is a very stable joint. When we leave the joint itself, we go down the column or neck of the femur and arrive at the greater trochanter. And at the inside here, you find the lesser trochanter. You can notice the angle between the column and the shaft of the femur. With age, the angle increases. And that is one of the reasons that older adults tend to break the column when they fall opposite to younger people.

As with the humerus in the arm, the femur also ends in two conditionals a medial and lateral one. The distal ends are made of cartilage to form the knee joint with a shin bone the tibia. The proximal part of the tibia is called the pet which actually is also made out of two compounds again. The surface of the tibial plateau is also covered with cartilage. The knee joint is mostly for flexion and extension, but when flexed, it has a small range of motion for inner and outer rotation of the tibia. In front of the femur, you see the kneecap dysfunction is making a leverage in extending the knee going downwards, the tibia ends in the medial malleolus.

Parallel to the tibia is the fibula, the calf boom. It connects proximally with the tibia in a synovial joint and distally they are connected by means of a cinders Moses that is a tight connection of fibrous tissue. You probably have noticed the similarity with the bones in the forearm. The distal part of the fibula is called the lateral malleolus. The two Melih only form a fork with a concave surface. articulate cartilage that connects with the first of the tarsal bones, the tailors.

The tape is not attached to any muscles, but it's crucial in dorsal flexion and plantar flexion of the ankle. The connection between the tibia and fibula with a tailor's is called the articulation to tallow Corollas. crevice meaning the lower leg. right beneath the talus is the heel bone, the calcaneus the joints between Taylor's and calcaneus are used for inverting and inverting the ankle. These movements are best described as trying to turn the soul of your foot to see the other foot inversion and turning the soul Have your foot to the lateral side e-version. The tailors and calcaneus together form the hind foot or rear foot.

The mid food has two rows of little bones that together with a hind foot are called the tases. I will name them as you look at the right foot, and starting at the medial side of the proximal row, and then the same for the second row navicular cuboid, q&a for one, two, and three. Altogether, the task has consists of seven boons where remember the wrist has a couple bones. Further down the foot, we find the metatarsal bones named metatarsal, 1234, and five. And as with the fingers, we call the toes digits with phalangeal bones. Again, two phalanges for the big toe and the other toes each other Three phalanges, even your smallest fifth toe.

To be complete, we need to name the joints in the foot and toes as we did with the hand. The joints between the tasks and the metatarsal bones are seen as one joint complex, the least Frank joint. The joint between the hind and mid foot is called the chaupar joint. Then you have the metatarsal phalangeal joint called MTP joins, and of course the inter phalangeal joints, just one IP for the big toe, and a pip and a dip for the other toes as with the fingers. That brings us to the end of lecture two, where we made a journey along the bones of the pelvis and the leg. The next lecture will be all about the spinal bones starting at the back of the head and ending at the sacred Thank you for watching this video of anatomy basics.

Hope to see you soon in the next lecture.