In this video, we're talking about simple and compound sentences. So first, let's start off with simple sentences. Now, if you're taking this course, then I'm going to assume that you already know how to construct simple sentences. Otherwise, you probably would not have bought this course. So I'm assuming that you already have a good understanding of what simple sentences are and how to use them. But still, I want to quickly go over it.

For some of you who may be confused or who perhaps know how to use them, but are not exactly sure of what simple sentences. I'm just going to quickly go over that now. So guys, we have a simple sentence when we have a subject and a verb. Okay, so those two things make up a sample sentence. Now an object is optional. We don't really need an object, but most of the times, you're going to have an object in your sentence in your answers.

Okay? So here are three different examples. So here we have a simple sentence, taxes should be increased. So here we don't have any object, we just have the subject in the blue color, the verb in the purple color. And that said, here's our second example. Children are the future of our nation.

Okay, so this time we have an object. The future of our nation is the object, not the nation, but the future of the nation. That's the object. That's what we're talking about. The final example is community service develops strong character individuals. This time, the object is strong character individuals, the verb is developed to develop something The subject is community service.

So that, in a nutshell is a simple sentence. Now, it doesn't matter if you know the structure and the format of all of these things, guys, I have a confession to make. I actually did not know what the exact format of a simple sentence is, for a very long time, even up until the early days at my university, even as a native speaker, I did not know how exactly to differentiate subject from the object and many other different grammatical nuances, many other things about grammar that I did not understand. But regardless of that, I was able to speak fluently, I was able to write wonderfully. So you don't really need to know the elements of grammar in the sense that you don't have to know how they're structured. What are they called?

You don't have to know if it's a subject An object, the important thing always is to be able to use the language. Okay, as long as you can use the language, you're going to get a good score. So always focus on that. And don't worry if you don't know what a subject is or what an object is. The important thing is that you know how to write the sentences. And if it helps you to write better sentences by understanding what a subject and an object is, then by all means, go ahead and spend some time understanding the differences.

But keep in mind always The important thing is to be able to write good sentences or speak correct sentences. Now, as you can see from these examples, that simple sentences can also include other basic elements, such as prepositions, articles, etc. Now let's talk about compound sentences. So compound sentences are a little bit more complex than the simple sentences. Let's take a look. In a compound sentence, we have two independent clauses.

So whenever you have one independent clause joined to another independent clause, then you have a compound sentence. And examiners love these kinds of sentences. So be sure to use some compound sentences in your answers. But make sure that you don't try to force them in there. As always, your writing or your speaking should sound natural, it should not be forced. So what is an independent clause?

An independent clause is where we have a complete idea. So whenever the idea is complete, it can be called an independent clause. Now here we have something that joins these two independent clauses. This thing that joins these two independent clauses, is actually called the coordinating conjunction. And we always use a comma before the coordinating conjunction, if we are using it to join two independent clauses. Now here are the different coordinating conjunctions for, and, nor, but, or yet, and so, so these are our seven coordinating conjunctions, and these are the only coordinating conjunctions out there.

Now, let's take a look at an example. Britain invested over 1 million pounds in books and France only invested hundred thousand so Here in the blue color, we have our independent clause. Then in the red color, we have our coordinating conjunction with a comma over here. And then in the blue color again, we have another independent clause. So I want you to pay attention at this point that the idea in the independent clause is complete. What does that mean?

So if I say, Britain invested over 1 million pounds in books, and if I stop right there, let's say I put a period and I stop right there. Do I really need to continue to make sense of this sentence? No, I can stop right here, because this idea is complete. Now, in this case, what I'm deciding to do is I'm deciding to add extra information to a thought which is already complete to an idea which is already complete. So here we have our other complete idea. France only invested 100,000.

So if I just wrote the entire sentence, let's say that we remove this part that comes before, and we simply say, France only invested 100,000. Is that a complete idea? Yes, it's a complete idea. It can stand alone. By itself. It does not need any extra words or phrases.

To complete it. It's already complete. So that's what we mean by a compound sentence. When we connect two complete ideas with a coordinating conjunction, and these are the coordinating conjunctions. Let's take a look at another example. Switzerland ranked the highest in 1999.

But it was outranked by Britain the following year. Hey, Again, we are using a coordinating conjunction. But over here we have but to connect two independent clauses to connect to complete ideas. So Switzerland ranked the highest in 1999. That is a complete idea. It was outranked by Britain the following here.

That is a complete idea. Matter of fact, you'll notice that actually what we have here are simple sentences. So here we have a simple sentence. Here we have a simple sentence. Here we have a simple sentence, and here we have a simple sentence. So another way to think about compound sentences is to think about it like this.

You are connecting two simple sentences. You are connecting two simple sentences together using a coordinating conjunction. So these coordinating conjunctions are always going to be placed between two independent clauses and always with a comma. And when we do that, we have what we call a compound sentence. Now let's talk about these coordinating conjunctions words that we use to connect different independent clauses. So the first coordinating conjunction we have here is, but so here's an example.

The proposed legislation seems promising, but it has several drawbacks. Now, here, you will notice that this is a complete idea. It is a simple sentence. And this is another complete idea, also a simple sentence. Now here is our next coordinating conjunction. Yet it is common knowledge That exercise is healthy.

Yet, many people never go to the gyms Do you see, here we have a coordinating conjunction connecting two independent clauses. Here's our third example. And Germany and France both experienced significant growth in 2002. Now here we've got a little bit of a tricky sentence. Germany and France both experienced significant growth in 2002. Now here, we have used the word and, and this is a coordinating conjunction.

However, this example is not a compound sentence. This is not a compound sentence, because in this case, the coordinating conjunction is just connecting words together. Germany is a word. It's not an independent clause. It's not a complete idea. Germany is not The complete idea is not a simple sentence.

This is not a compound sentence. The reason why that is, is because in this case, the word or is simply connecting words together. It's connecting unemployed or underpaid. See, it's connecting those two words together. So here it's not really connecting complete ideas. unemployed, that is not a complete idea.

Now there is this you cannot just say underpaid are forced to consume unhealthy foods to save costs, because it's simply connecting words together. We're saying those who are unemployed or underpaid, unemployed or underpaid? So it's connecting those two words together. These are not complete ideas. Now let's talk about commas. You will have noticed Is that whenever a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses together, we always use a comma, as you can see over here and over here.

However, when the coordinating conjunction is simply connecting words together, or sometimes they may be phrases. If we're connecting words or phrases together, then we do not use a comma, because this is not a compound sentence. So we don't use a comma here, and we don't use a comma here. Now here's my one last note on using commas with coordinating conjunctions. Placing a comma before and in a list is optional. So I'm sure that you have seen that sometimes people place a comma before add and sometimes they don't.

This is just a matter of preference. Choose whatever you like. Some people like to do this. Some people don't like to do this. So choose whatever way it doesn't. matter.

Just keep in mind that is only optional in a list. We're talking about a list here. Speaking of lists, here is the list of coordinating conjunctions. fanboys what exactly are fanboys? Right here we have two fanboys. fanboys are boys who are really big fans of something who really enjoy something who are really passionate about something.

Maybe it's a certain music band, maybe it's an artist of some kind, maybe it's an actor or something that you can become a fan of. So when we have boys who are really passionate about something like this, like a music band, or whatever have you then we call them fanboys. And fanboys is an acronym for these coordinating conjunctions for and, nor, but or Yet, and so, so that's a really easy way to remember what the coordinating conjunctions are. But once again, more important than trying to remember all of these coordinating conjunctions is to know how to use them. So that's the best way to remember coordinating conjunctions. You don't really have to remember a list of them.

You just have to know how to use them. So this here is just a little abbreviation with which you can remember so that you can put these words into practice. Now, you're probably wondering, when should he use compound sentences. The best place to use compound sentences is when you are giving details or when you want to add richness to your sentences. So when you want to add extra information or give extra description, then compound sentences can be really useful. So take a look.

So here we have a question from our task one essay. And the question is asking us about the causes of land degradation by region. And here is our example sentence. So we've used these data points as reference for this example. Oceania experienced a 13%, land degradation, but none from over cultivation. So that means that from over cultivation, Oceania experienced no degradation.

So here, you'll notice that we use the coordinating conjunction but and what do we do with this coordinating conjunction? Well, we just tagged along extra information. We just gave our readers extra bit of information by first talking about this data point. So here we have a complete idea. Then we decided to add along an extra complete idea. So we also decided to talk about this data point.

So do you see how we have used compound sentences, to give details to add extra information and to add extra richness to our sentences? Here's another example. So this time we're using these two data points as reference. Considering bananas, Switzerland earned the highest revenue in 1999. And it also more than tripled its sales in 2004. So here, first, we talked about this idea over here.

It's a complete idea. We're talking about Switzerland in 1999. And then, we used a coordinating conjunction, to add extra information to add extra detail and richness to our sentence by also talking about this data point. So we say it's Also more than tripled its sales in 2004. So I hope it's clear to you what exactly are simple sentences? What are compound sentences, what are coordinating conjunctions, how to use coordinating conjunctions, and when to use compound sentences.

So that's going to be the end of this one. In the next video, we're going to be talking about complex sentences.