Welcome back. In this video, I'll be teaching you how to write the introductions for trend graphs. So for our first practice question, we're taking a look at a line graph. This is what a writing task one question will look like on your exam, you're going to be given an infographic. And here you're going to have a brief description about that infographic. And here, you will receive the instructions for what to do in your task one essay.

Now, the highlighted part in this question is a description of what the infographic is about. What you have to do for the introduction, is you have to rephrase this question language in your own words. So let's read this description together. This description reads the graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 With projections until 2030. So this description here is describing this infographic. So you can see that here we have a graph.

And this is a 2008 report. And it's providing information about energy consumption from the years 1980 up until 2030. So some of it includes past data. Some includes the present data, and some of the data include future projections. So let's take a look at how to paraphrase this question language into your own words for the introduction. So once again, here's the same question language, which we've just read.

To paraphrase this question language, the first thing that you can do is to think about synonyms. Think about what are some different words to communicate the same meaning. So let me show you how to do this. Instead of the word gives We can use the word shows, shows is a synonym for gifts. Instead of saying information we can say data. Instead of saying about, we can say on.

Instead of saying consumption of energy, we can say energy consumption. Instead of saying USA, we can say US population. Instead of saying sense. We can use the word from. Instead of saying projections, we can say forecasts. And instead of saying until we can say up to so once we replace all of the original words in the question language, with our synonym words, here's what we have.

The graph shows data on energy consumption by the US population from 1980. With forecasts up to 2030. You'll notice that in this sentence, we have deleted this part in our rephrasing we have not included anything about the infographic being a report from the year 2008. Okay, this is not necessary information. So I've decided to delete this. But if you want, you can also keep this information, it doesn't really matter.

Now the other thing that you can do to improve your paraphrasing is that you can change up the word order. So for example, we can use the words energy consumption. After the words US population, we can move it right here. We can also move this part from 1980. With forecasts up to 2030. We can move this part here after the word data.

If we were to change up the word order, this is what our paraphrased sentence would look like. The graph shows data from 1980 with forecasts up to 2030 on the US populations, energy consumption So this is what we mean by paraphrasing. You have to take the original description of the infographic from the question, and you have to put it into your own words. Never use the exact language that is in the question in your introduction. Otherwise, you'll lose points for that. You always have to rephrase it and put it into your own words.

I want you to note that in this example, I've really broken down each of the synonyms to clearly show you how this process works. This doesn't mean that when you're taking your exam, you have to sit down and break up each of the different parts of the question language in this way. This is just to show you what's going on in my mind when I'm paraphrasing the question language. So this is what is going on in my mind. When I'm paraphrasing the question language, I'm thinking about which synonym words I can use? And I'm thinking about how I can change up the word order of the question language.

Okay, so that's what you should be thinking about. You should be thinking about what different synonyms you can use, and how you can change up the word order. Now let's look at another example. Here we have another trend graph. This time we have a bar graph. In this bar graph.

Here's our question language. And the question language reads. The chart below shows the total number of minutes in billions of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories from 1995 to 2002. So here's the infographic. And it's showing us data on the telephone calls in the UK, from the years 1995 to 2002 for these three different call types, so let's take a look at how to paraphrase this question language. So here's the question language.

And first, we have to think about the different synonyms that we can use. So instead of If the word shows, we can say demonstrate, instead of saying the total number of minutes in billions, we can just say, time spent. Instead of telephone, we can say phone. Instead of UK, we can say British residents. Instead of three categories, we can see different types. And instead of saying from 1995 to 2002, we can say between 1995 and 2002.

Now once we've replaced all of the original words and phrases with our synonyms, here's what the sentence would look like. The chart demonstrates the time spent on phone calls by British resident between 1995 and 2002. Notice that in this sentence, we have not mentioned this phrase here. Different types. We have not mentioned that there are different types of phone calls in our sentence. So what we can do is we can insert this part at another place, we can insert this part right here after the word on.

Also, we can change up the word order. So we can move this part after the word residence, we can move it right here. So after we've done this, this is what our paraphrased sentence would look like. The chart demonstrates the time spent by British residents on different types of phone calls between 1995 and 2002. So again, notice that our paraphrased sentence looks very different from the original sentence. However, the meaning of our paraphrased sentence, and the meaning of the question language are exactly the same.

So that's what you have to do. You have to really paraphrase the question language so that it looks very different from the original question language, but you have to do that. Without changing the meaning, okay, so the meaning has to stay the same, but your paraphrasing should look very different from the original question language. Once again, on your isles writing test, you don't actually have to break down the question language in so much detail as I've done here. I'm only doing this to show you what's going on in my mind when I'm rephrasing this question language. Let's look at another trend graph.

This time we have tables in this table question. Here is the description of the infographic. The description reads. The tables below, give information about sales of Fairtrade labeled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries. So here we have the two tables, and we have data on coffee and bananas from five different countries are one to note that here we have an asterisk. This is the little star symbol, we have this asterisk on top of the word fair trade.

Whenever you have an asterisk or this star symbol, you have to look at the meaning of the word down here. Sometimes in the task one question, there will be additional information about this word, or there may be a definition about what this word means. So in this case, be sure to read the definition of this word. Fair Trade basically means a category of products for which farmers from developing countries have been paid an officially agreed fair price. So this looks like a special word with a very specific meaning. So when we're paraphrasing, I want you to note that we will not be using synonyms for this word, because it has a very specific meaning, which is especially defined down here.

So we can use synonyms for other words when paraphrasing but we We cannot use synonyms for this word. So let's take a look at how to paraphrase this question language. So here's the description. And first we're going to think of the different synonyms that we can use. So instead of saying tables, we can specify it as two tables. Since we have two tables in this question.

Instead of saying give, we can say contain. I want you to note that the word contain is only a synonym for the word give in this particular scenario, in this particular context, so the word contain is not really a synonym for the word gift. Not always. However, in this particular context, the word contain can be used as a synonym for the word give. So when you're using synonyms, make sure that they fit the context of the sentence. Next, instead of saying information You can say data.

Instead of off, we can say for, we can replace fair trade labeled with just fair trade. And we can replace countries with nations. So once we've replaced all of the original words with the synonyms, this is what our sentence looks like. The two tables contain data about sales for Fairtrade coffee and bananas in 1999, and 2004, in five European nations. To improve our paraphrasing, we can also switch up the word order. So we can move the word sales before the word data.

And we can move the word nations after the word five. So after using the synonyms and after switching up the word order, this is what our final paraphrased sentence looks like. The two tables contain sales data for Fairtrade coffee and bananas in 1999, and 2004, in five nations of Europe. I hope all of this is making sense so far. And you can see how easy it is to write an introduction. All you have to do is use synonyms, which are different words for conveying the same meaning.

And you just have to change up the word order if you can. And that's all you have to do for the introduction. We're going to now look at our final example. This time we have a pie charts question. And in this pie charts question, here is the description. The description read.

The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 on projections for 2050 so here we have data from Yemen. Here we have data from Italy. Here we have data from the year 2000. And here we have projections The year 2050. Now let's paraphrase this question language, here's the description. And first, we'll go through the synonyms.

Instead of saying give, we can say provide. Instead of information, we can say data. Instead of on, we can say about. Instead of populations, we can say residents. Instead of projections, we can say forecasts. And finally, instead of using the phrase in 2000, on projections for 2050, we can just rephrase this entire part as over a 50 year period, because from the year 2000 to 2050, we have a period of 50 years.

So after using all of these synonyms, this is what our sentence looks like. The charts provide data about the ages of the residents of Yemen and Italy over a 50 year period. Now you may notice that we haven't used the word forecast in our sentence here. So what we can do is we can insert this word right here, after the word data. Do you remember what else we can do to improve our paraphrasing? If you guessed changing of the word order, then you are correct.

So what we can do is we can move this part here, over a 50 year period, we can move this part after the word data, and before the word forecast. So once we've done that, this is what our final paraphrased sentence would look like. The charts provide data over a 50 year period, including forecasts about the ages of the residents of Yemen and Italy. So that's what you have to do. Whenever you're paraphrasing the original question language. Just think about the synonyms and think about how you can change up the word order.

In the next video, I'll show you how to write the introductions for comparative graphs. And I'll take you through different practice questions in the same way that I've done in this video for the trend graphs. So I'll see you there.